SpaceMiningData

Space resources laws by country

Laws and related instruments in the published dataset, grouped by jurisdiction.

National space-resources laws in this dataset address ownership of extracted material and national authorization of non-governmental activities. Treaty baseline: Outer Space Treaty Art. II and Art. VI (Outer Space Treaty (1967)).

International and multilateral

InstrumentStatus
Artemis Accords (2020)Non-binding, in effect
Hague International Space Resources Governance Working Group: Building Blocks for the Development of an International Framework on Space Resource Activities (2019)Non-binding, in effect
Moon Agreement (1979)In force
Outer Space Treaty (1967)In force
UN COPUOS Legal Subcommittee Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities (draft initial recommended principles)Proposed

Japan

2 instruments
InstrumentStatus
Japan: Act on Launching of Spacecraft, etc. and Control of Spacecraft (Space Activities Act, Act No. 76 of 2016)In force
Japan: Act on the Promotion of Business Activities Related to the Exploration and Development of Space Resources (Act No. 83 of 2021)In force

Luxembourg

1 instruments
InstrumentStatus
Luxembourg Law of 20 July 2017 on the exploration and use of space resourcesIn force

United Arab Emirates

1 instruments
InstrumentStatus
UAE Federal Law No. 12 of 2019 on the Regulation of the Space Sector (space resources provisions)Repealed

United States

4 instruments
InstrumentStatus
U.S. Commercial Space Launch Activities (51 U.S.C. chapter 509) - payload review authorityIn force
U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015, Title IV (Space Resource Exploration and Utilization Act of 2015)In force
U.S. Executive Order 13914 (6 April 2020): Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space ResourcesIn force
U.S. Executive Order 14335 (13 August 2025): Enabling Competition in the Commercial Space Industry - Sec. 5 novel space activity authorizationIn force