SpaceMiningData
Multilateral principlesInternationalNon-binding, in effect

Artemis Accords (2020)

Non-binding political commitments among signatory states on civil exploration of the Moon, Mars, comets and asteroids. Section 10 affirms that space resource extraction does not inherently constitute national appropriation under OST Art. II and commits signatories to inform the UN Secretary-General of extraction activities.

Facts

Level
Multilateral principles
Scope
Multilateral
Citation
The Artemis Accords: Principles for Cooperation in the Civil Exploration and Use of the Moon, Mars, Comets, and Asteroids for Peaceful Purposes (13 October 2020)
Adopted
2020-10-13
Status
Non-binding, in effectSigned text states the Accords 'represent a political commitment'; NASA reports 76 signatory nations as of 25 September 2026.
Parties or signatories
76 signatories as of 2026-09-25

Resource provisions

A paraphrase followed by the source wording.

Section 10: utilization of space resources can benefit humankind; extraction and utilization should comply with the OST; signatories affirm that extraction does not inherently constitute national appropriation under OST Art. II; signatories commit to inform the UN Secretary-General, the public and the scientific community of their extraction activities; and intend to contribute to multilateral efforts including at COPUOS.

The Signatories affirm that the extraction of space resources does not inherently constitute national appropriation under Article II of the Outer Space Treaty, and that contracts and other legal instruments relating to space resources should be consistent with that Treaty. [1]

Open evidence gaps

  • Signatory count changes frequently; re-check NASA and U.S. State Department lists before publication.

Record history

changes to this record's facts, newest first

ChangedFieldWasNowReasonSource
2026-09-25parties or signatories.count7576Source update[6]

Sources

6 sources
  1. [1]The Artemis Accords (signed text, 13 October 2020)
    NASAGovernment recordPublished 2020-10-13Accessed 2026-09-25Supports: resource provisionsarticle Section 10(2), page 6
    The Signatories affirm that the extraction of space resources does not inherently constitute national appropriation under Article II of the Outer Space Treaty, and that contracts and other legal instruments relating to space resources should be consistent with that Treaty.
    Quote matched the source text when accessed.
  2. [2]The Artemis Accords - Section 10(3)
    NASAGovernment recordPublished 2020-10-13Accessed 2026-09-25Supports: resource provisionsarticle Section 10(3), page 6
    The Signatories commit to informing the Secretary-General of the United Nations as well as the public and the international scientific community of their space resource extraction activities in accordance with the Outer Space Treaty.
    Quote matched the source text when accessed.
  3. [3]The Artemis Accords - Section 1 (nature)
    NASAGovernment recordPublished 2020-10-13Accessed 2026-09-25Supports: level, statusarticle Section 1, page 4
    The Accords represent a political commitment to the principles described herein
    Quote matched the source text when accessed.
  4. [4]The Artemis Accords - Section 13 (adoption)
    NASAGovernment recordPublished 2020-10-13Accessed 2026-09-25Supports: adopted datearticle Section 13, page 9
    Adopted on October 13, 2020, in the English language.
    Quote matched the source text when accessed.
  5. [5]Artemis Accords - NASA
    NASAGovernment recordPublished 2026-09-25Accessed 2026-09-25Supports: parties or signatories
    On September 25, 2026, San Marino became the 76th nation to sign the accords.
    Quote matched the source text when accessed.
  6. [6]Artemis Accords - List of the Signatories by Date
    NASAGovernment recordPublished 2026-09-25Accessed 2026-09-25Supports: parties or signatories, historypage 4
    75 Côte d'Ivoire 09/24/2026 76 San Marino 09/25/2026
    Quote matched the source text when accessed.