{ "name": "SpaceMiningData space resources dataset", "version": "d8d22e0172a91cff013fc82dc7f9176b8db75656fa45b2c188079c2b83841fd3", "built": "2026-09-27", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "url": "https://spaceminingdata.com/data.html", "records": [ { "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Asteroid Mining Corporation Limited", "AMC" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "missing_evidence": [ "Any company statement on current operations after early 2025.", "Whether the founder's current 'AMC Robotics' profile title reflects a rename or a separate entity (seen only in a search-result snippet, not verified).", "Specific resources AMC intends to target were not stated in the sources retrieved." ], "stable_id": "org-asteroid-mining-corporation", "name": "Asteroid Mining Corporation", "summary": "UK company incorporated in March 2016 that developed the SCAR-E six-legged robot prototype for asteroid and lunar surface work and signed a 2024 memorandum with ispace for a possible future lunar demonstration; it has flown no hardware. As of September 2026 Companies House shows its accounts and confirmation statement overdue and a compulsory strike-off notice (18 August 2026, action suspended 20 August 2026), and its former website domain shows a registrar placeholder.", "headquarters_country": "GB", "founded_year": 2016, "role": [ "rover_mobility" ], "target_bodies": [ "near_earth_asteroid", "moon" ], "resources": [], "status": "dormant", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "status_basis": "Companies House record (overdue accounts, overdue confirmation statement, first Gazette notice for compulsory strike-off on 18 Aug 2026 later suspended) and a registrar placeholder on the company's former domain; inference of inactivity, not a formal dissolution.", "website": null, "confidence": "low", "sources": [ { "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10085157", "title": "ASTEROID MINING CORPORATION LIMITED overview", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Active proposal to strike off", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10085157", "title": "ASTEROID MINING CORPORATION LIMITED overview", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Next accounts made up to 31 March 2024 due by 31 March 2025", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10085157", "title": "ASTEROID MINING CORPORATION LIMITED overview", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Incorporated on 25 March 2016", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10085157/filing-history", "title": "ASTEROID MINING CORPORATION LIMITED filing history", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "First Gazette notice for compulsory strike-off", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10085157/filing-history", "title": "ASTEROID MINING CORPORATION LIMITED filing history", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Compulsory strike-off action has been suspended", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://payloadspace.com/boo-ispace-partners-with-amc-on-scar-e-lunar-mission/", "title": "Boo! ispace Partners With AMC on SCAR-E Lunar Mission", "publisher": "Payload", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2024-10-10", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The mission to put AMC's Space Capable Asteroid Robotic-Explorer (SCAR-E) on the lunar surface is intended to prove out the company's ability to extract resources in deep-space.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "http://asteroidminingcorporation.co.uk/", "title": "asteroidminingcorporation.co.uk (registrar placeholder page)", "publisher": "IONOS (domain placeholder)", "source_class": "directory_or_aggregator", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "This domain has been registered via IONOS and is not yet connected to a website.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none", "note": "IONOS serves this parking page in the visitor's language; the German variant reads 'Diese Domain ist bereits bei IONOS registriert.'" } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-astrobotic", "name": "Astrobotic Technology", "summary": "Pittsburgh lunar lander company whose Peregrine Mission One (January 2024) carried NASA hydrogen- and volatile-measuring instruments but never reached the Moon after a propulsion failure; NASA removed VIPER from Griffin following its July 2024 decision to discontinue the rover project, while stating that Griffin Mission One would continue within Astrobotic's NASA contract. Voyager Technologies completed its acquisition of Astrobotic in July 2026 and states the business now operates as Voyager Lunar Systems.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": "org-voyager-technologies", "aliases": [ "Astrobotic", "Astrobotic Technology, Inc.", "Voyager Lunar Systems" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2007, "role": [ "lander_transport" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active_subsidiary", "status_as_of": "2026-07-10", "status_basis": "Voyager's SEC filing says the acquisition closed on 2026-07-10; Voyager's 2026-07-13 release says Astrobotic now operates as Voyager Lunar Systems, while NASA and astrobotic.com continue to identify the operating business by the Astrobotic name.", "website": "https://www.astrobotic.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Launched Peregrine Mission One on 2024-01-08 carrying NASA's Neutron Spectrometer System, Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System and Peregrine Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer; the instruments collected in-flight data only because a propellant-system failure prevented a landing and the spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere on 2024-01-18. No lunar resource measurement was made. Acquired Masten Space Systems' assets in 2022.", "claimed": "Astrobotic's manifest describes NIRVSS as measuring resources that could potentially be mined from the Moon. NASA lists the Ames/Interlune METAL investigation on Griffin-1, planned for late 2026, to study helium-3 abundance in lunar regolith. Voyager states that Peregrine-2 and Peregrine-3 are scheduled for 2028 with NASA-directed payloads; that delivery plan is not an achieved resource result." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://voyagertechnologies.com/press-releases/voyager-awarded-298m-nasa-contract-under-completed-astrobotic-acquisition/", "title": "Voyager Awarded $298M NASA Contract Under Completed Astrobotic Acquisition", "publisher": "Voyager Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Voyager Technologies (NYSE: VOYG) has completed its acquisition of Astrobotic Technology, Inc.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "parent_id" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://voyagertechnologies.com/press-releases/voyager-awarded-298m-nasa-contract-under-completed-astrobotic-acquisition/", "title": "Voyager Awarded $298M NASA Contract Under Completed Astrobotic Acquisition", "publisher": "Voyager Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Astrobotic now operates as Voyager Lunar Systems", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "aliases" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://voyagertechnologies.com/press-releases/voyager-to-acquire-astrobotic-technology-accelerating-americas-path-to-the-moon/", "title": "Voyager to Acquire Astrobotic Technology, Accelerating America's Path to the Moon", "publisher": "Voyager Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-06-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Founded in 2007 as a Carnegie Mellon University spinout, Astrobotic has secured more than $600 million in NASA and DoD contracts", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-science-astrobotic-peregrine-mission-one-concludes/", "title": "NASA Science, Astrobotic Peregrine Mission One Concludes (release 24-012)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2024-01-19", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "the spacecraft experienced a propulsion issue preventing Peregrine from softly landing on the Moon", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.astrobotic.com/lunar-delivery/manifest/", "title": "Moon Manifest", "publisher": "Astrobotic", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "NIRVSS will measure surface and subsurface hydration, carbon dioxide and methane - all resources that could potentially be mined from the Moon", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-ends-viper-project-continues-moon-exploration/", "title": "NASA Ends VIPER Project, Continues Moon Exploration (release 24-094)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2024-07-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Astrobotic will continue its Griffin Mission One within its contract with NASA, working toward a launch scheduled for no earlier than fall 2025. The landing without VIPER will provide a flight demonstration of the Griffin lander and its engines.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated", "related_mission_ids", "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-moon-base-rovers-landers-missions/", "title": "NASA Provides Update on Moon Base Rovers, Landers, Missions (release 26-046)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-05-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Planned for launch later this year, this mission will deliver more than 1,100 pounds of cargo on Astrobotic's Griffin lander, including Astrolab's FLIP rover", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://voyagertechnologies.com/press-releases/voyager-awarded-298m-nasa-contract-under-completed-astrobotic-acquisition/", "title": "Voyager Awarded $298M NASA Contract Under Completed Astrobotic Acquisition", "publisher": "Voyager Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Under this NASA award, Voyager's Peregrine-2 is scheduled to launch in 2028 and delivers a suite of three NASA-directed payloads to a landing site near the Gruithuisen Domes", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1788060/000162828026052292/voyg-20260630.htm", "title": "Voyager Technologies, Inc. Form 10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 2026", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": "2026-08-04", "accessed": "2026-09-26", "quote": "On July 10, 2026, the Company closed the acquisition", "quote_confirmed_raw": false, "manual_quote_verification": { "by": "gpt-5.6-sol", "date": "2026-09-26", "method": "Opened the full SEC filing text via the web renderer and read the acquisition-closing sentence in context." }, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of", "parent_id" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/moonbase-phases/", "title": "Moon Base Phases — Griffin-1 and METAL", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-26", "quote": "METAL will study the abundance of helium-3 in the lunar regolith", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Whether Astrobotic Technology, Inc. continues as a separately named legal subsidiary is not expressly stated; Voyager reports acquiring 100% of its equity and operating the business as Voyager Lunar Systems." ], "history": [ { "field": "status", "old": "active", "new": "absorbed", "changed_on": "2026-07", "reason": "source_update", "source_index": 0 }, { "field": "status", "old": "absorbed", "new": "active_subsidiary", "changed_on": "2026-09-26", "reason": "reclassification" } ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "gpt-6-astra", "reviewer_run": "research/review/astra-hard-area-corrections-20260926.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": [ 5, 9 ], "edits_applied": 3, "base_record_sha256": "820ad25bdfdba2c9b8ec2666c2af84bfd41b79f5adf6c9f4d9f4a4b1aee937ef" } }, { "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Astroforge" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "missing_evidence": [ "Registry record (state of incorporation, legal name) not retrieved.", "Funding totals are company announcements reported by press; no filing located.", "Autonomy-1 (announced 21 Sept 2026, launch 2027 on Stoke Space Nova) carries a NASA heliophysics payload and has no stated resource objective, so it is not recorded as a mission here." ], "stable_id": "org-astroforge", "name": "AstroForge", "summary": "US company that states its goal is to extract platinum group metals from near-Earth asteroids. It has flown a low-Earth-orbit refinery demonstrator (Brokkr-1, 2023) whose refinery was never activated and a deep-space flyby spacecraft (Odin, 2025) that was lost within days of launch; its second deep-space spacecraft, DeepSpace-2, was in testing in September 2026 and it has not yet reached, prospected, or sampled any asteroid.", "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2022, "role": [ "prospecting", "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "near_earth_asteroid" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "platinum_group_metals", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-21", "status_basis": "Company posts dated 3 June 2026 and 21 September 2026 on astroforge.com report DeepSpace-2 flight hardware assembly and an announced 2027 Autonomy-1 mission.", "website": "https://www.astroforge.com/", "confidence": "high", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.astroforge.com/about", "title": "About - AstroForge", "publisher": "AstroForge", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "AstroForge is a deep-space mining company on a mission to extract valuable metals from asteroids", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "resources", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.astroforge.com/updates-collection/we-built-the-spacecraft", "title": "We Built the Spacecraft", "publisher": "AstroForge", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-06-03", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Last month, we assembled the major flight hardware of DeepSpace-2 on our integration floor for the first time.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.astroforge.com/updates-collection/introducing-autonomy-1-the-first-autonomous-space-mission-powered-by-solo", "title": "Introducing Autonomy-1: The First Autonomous Space Mission, Powered by Solo", "publisher": "AstroForge", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-09-21", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Our next mission, DeepSpace-2, will fly Solo in shadow mode.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/astroforge-preps-for-second-attempt-at-reaching-an-asteroid/", "title": "AstroForge preps for second attempt at reaching an asteroid", "publisher": "Aerospace America (AIAA)", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2026-06-15", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "This is the company's second asteroid rendezvous attempt since its founding in 2022.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-blue-origin", "name": "Blue Origin", "summary": "Kent, Washington launch and lunar-lander company. Its resource work consists of Blue Alchemist, a molten-regolith-electrolysis process tested on regolith simulant with NASA Tipping Point funding, and a NASA CLPS task order to deliver the VIPER water-ice prospecting rover on a Blue Moon Mark 1 lander; it owns Honeybee Robotics.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "processing_isru", "lander_transport" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "oxygen", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "other", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-08-24", "website": "https://www.blueorigin.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Blue Origin states it has made solar cells and transmission wire from regolith simulants since 2021, and that Blue Alchemist passed its critical design review in September 2025. All of this work is terrestrial and on simulant; no Blue Origin resource hardware has flown.", "claimed": "Blue Origin states Blue Alchemist will turn lunar regolith into solar arrays, metals, silicon and oxygen, with an autonomous demonstration in a simulated lunar environment planned for 2026 (the NASA Tipping Point milestone), and that it is developing systems to identify South Pole water ice for hydrogen extraction. NASA has contracted it to deliver VIPER to the lunar South Pole on a second Blue Moon MK1 lander (late 2027)." }, "status_basis": "Active: NASA's Moon Base Phases page (last updated 2026-08-24) lists Blue Moon Mark 1 missions and VIPER delivery on a Blue Origin lander in production.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/general/2023-nasa-tipping-point-selections/", "title": "2023 NASA Tipping Point Selections", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2023-07-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Blue Origin of Kent, Washington, $34.7 million The company will advance an end-to-end in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) system that can extract oxygen, iron, silicon, and aluminum from lunar regolith simulant and use the extracted materials to produce solar cells and wire.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "role", "resources", "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251116183323/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blue-alchemist-powers-our-lunar-future", "title": "Blue Alchemist Technology Powers Our Lunar Future (Wayback Machine copy of blueorigin.com news page)", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2023-02-10", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Since 2021, Blue Origin has been making solar cells and transmission wire from regolith simulants.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260317054919/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blue-alchemist-hits-major-milestone-toward-permanent-sustainable-lunar-infrastructure", "title": "Blue Alchemist Hits Major Milestone Toward Permanent and Sustainable Lunar Infrastructure (Wayback Machine copy)", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-09-10", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The CDR success confirms Blue Alchemist is ready for its next phase: autonomous demonstration in a simulated lunar environment in 2026.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260608053616/https://www.blueorigin.com/about-blue", "title": "About Blue Origin (Wayback Machine copy, captured 2026-06-08)", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "developing systems to identify water ice on the Moon's south pole for extraction of hydrogen to refuel our landers", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-blue-origin-to-deliver-viper-rover-to-moons-south-pole/", "title": "NASA Selects Blue Origin to Deliver VIPER Rover to Moon's South Pole (Release 25-064)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-09-19", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "With this new award, Blue Origin will deliver VIPER to the lunar surface in late 2027, using a second Blue Moon MK1 lander, which is in production.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "related_mission_ids" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/moonbase-phases/", "title": "Moon Base Phases (living page; last updated 2026-08-24)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "VIPER will ride to the Moon aboard Blue Origin's second Blue Moon MK1 lander currently in production", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "No public evidence (as of 2026-09-25) that the 2026 Blue Alchemist autonomous demonstration has taken place", "blueorigin.com returned HTTP 429 to raw fetches; Blue Origin quotes were confirmed against Wayback Machine copies of the same pages", "Founding year was not found in the sources reviewed for this record", "No NASA or Blue Origin statement found on how the 2026-05-28 New Glenn static-fire explosion at Launch Complex 36 affects the VIPER delivery date" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-bradford-space", "name": "Bradford Space", "summary": "Spacecraft propulsion and components company that acquired Deep Space Industries in January 2019.", "entity_type": "company", "context_only": true, "parent_id": null, "aliases": [], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [], "target_bodies": [], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-26", "status_basis": "Context entity: referenced as a parent, acquirer, counterparty or launch provider; its own status is not researched.", "website": null, "sources": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20190107132957/http://deepspaceindustries.com/", "title": "Deep Space Industries home page with acquisition release (archived)", "publisher": "Deep Space Industries / Bradford Space (Internet Archive capture)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2019-01-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "announced today that it has acquired control over Deep Space Industries, Inc., often known as DSI", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Own status not researched; included only for reference resolution." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-cnsa", "name": "China National Space Administration", "summary": "China's national space agency. It returned lunar samples with Chang'e-5 (2020) and Chang'e-6 (2024), is preparing the Chang'e-7 south-pole mission to survey water ice and other resources (launch postponed out of its August 2026 window), and plans Chang'e-8 around 2029 for in-situ resource utilization experiments toward the International Lunar Research Station.", "status_basis": "Operating national agency; CNSA English pages accessed 2026-09-25.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c10670293/content.html", "title": "China to launch Chang'e-8 lunar mission around 2029, collaborating with int'l partners", "publisher": "CNSA (Xinhua)", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-04-25", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Chang'e-8 mission will target the Leibnitz-Beta Plateau near the lunar south pole region, working with the earlier Chang'e-7 mission to conduct scientific exploration and in-situ resource utilization experiments.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "objective", "inclusion_basis", "target_site" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c10517200/content.html", "title": "China's Chang'e-7 lunar mission to carry instruments developed through int'l cooperation", "publisher": "CNSA (Xinhua)", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2024-04-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Chang'e-7 mission, scheduled for launch around 2026, aims to survey the lunar surface environment, water, ice and volatile elements of lunar soil in the lunar south pole.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "objective", "inclusion_basis", "history" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c10573149/content.html", "title": "China's Chang'e-6 collects 1,935.3 grams of samples from moon's far side", "publisher": "CNSA (Xinhua)", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2024-06-28", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "China's Chang'e-6 mission collected 1,935.3 grams of samples from the far side of the moon, preliminary measurement by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) showed Friday.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "outcome", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-08-23/China-s-Chang-e-7-launch-will-not-proceed-in-planned-window-this-year-1PQD1RsGs5a/p.html", "title": "China's Chang'e-7 launch will not proceed in planned window this year", "publisher": "CGTN (Xinhua)", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2026-08-23", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "China's Chang'e-7 lunar probe does not meet launch conditions, and its launch therefore cannot take place during the planned window this year, the China Manned Space Agency said Sunday.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year not confirmed from a CNSA page (the English About page did not load)." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "government_agency", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "CNSA" ], "headquarters_country": "CN", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "prospecting", "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "near_earth_asteroid" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-consensys", "name": "ConsenSys", "summary": "Blockchain software company that acquired Planetary Resources in 2018.", "entity_type": "company", "context_only": true, "parent_id": null, "aliases": [], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [], "target_bodies": [], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-26", "status_basis": "Context entity: referenced as a parent, acquirer, counterparty or launch provider; its own status is not researched.", "website": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201111220047/https://www.planetaryresources.com/2018/10/consensys-acquires-planetary-resources/", "title": "ConsenSys Acquires Planetary Resources (archived)", "publisher": "Planetary Resources (Internet Archive capture)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2018-10-31", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "has acquired the pioneering space company Planetary Resources, Inc. through an asset-purchase transaction", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Own status not researched; included only for reference resolution." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": "org-bradford-space", "aliases": [ "Deep Space Industries, Inc.", "DSI" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "missing_evidence": [ "The deepspaceindustries.com domain now hosts unrelated gambling content (checked 2026-09-25); DSI pages are cited from Internet Archive captures.", "Current existence of Bradford Space, Inc. in the US: the bradford-space.com contact page (2026) lists only Netherlands and Luxembourg addresses.", "Specific resources DSI targeted were not stated in the sources retrieved." ], "stable_id": "org-deep-space-industries", "name": "Deep Space Industries", "summary": "US company founded in 2012 to pursue asteroid mining that later concentrated on the Comet water-based electrothermal thruster and the Xplorer small deep-space spacecraft bus. Bradford Space announced on 2 January 2019 that it had acquired control of DSI and would rebrand it Bradford Space, Inc.; DSI never flew an asteroid or resource-prospecting mission.", "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2012, "role": [ "prospecting" ], "target_bodies": [ "near_earth_asteroid" ], "resources": [], "status": "absorbed", "status_as_of": "2019-01-02", "status_basis": "Acquisition release posted on DSI's own website (Internet Archive capture of 7 Jan 2019), corroborated by GeekWire.", "website": null, "confidence": "high", "sources": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20190107132957/http://deepspaceindustries.com/", "title": "Deep Space Industries home page with acquisition release (archived)", "publisher": "Deep Space Industries / Bradford Space (Internet Archive capture)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2019-01-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Deep Space Industries, Inc. is now Bradford Space, Inc.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "parent_id", "aliases" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20190107132957/http://deepspaceindustries.com/", "title": "Deep Space Industries home page with acquisition release (archived)", "publisher": "Deep Space Industries / Bradford Space (Internet Archive capture)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2019-01-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Founded in 2012 as an ambitious venture to mine the resources of the asteroids", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2019/bradford-buys-deep-space-industries-shifting-focus-asteroid-mining-green-propulsion/", "title": "Bradford Space Group buys Deep Space Industries, shifting focus from asteroid mining to propulsion", "publisher": "GeekWire", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2019-01-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "DSI will continue to operate in San Jose, Calif., as Bradford Space Inc.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-esa", "name": "European Space Agency", "summary": "Intergovernmental European space agency. Its 2019 Space Resources Strategy covers 2020-2030 with the Moon as the first target; it develops the PROSPECT drill and mini-laboratory now assigned to Intuitive Machines' IM-4 flight, is ESRIC's strategic partner, and (per the Luxembourg Space Agency) awarded ispace-EUROPE a EUR 65 million contract for the MAGPIE lunar polar rover.", "status_basis": "Operating intergovernmental agency; ESA pages accessed 2026-09-25.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://sci.esa.int/documents/34161/35992/1567260390250-ESA_Space_Resources_Strategy.pdf", "title": "ESA Space Resources Strategy", "publisher": "European Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2019-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The first utilisation of space resources will be on the Moon; a source of water, oxygen, metals and other materials.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://sci.esa.int/documents/34161/35992/1567260390250-ESA_Space_Resources_Strategy.pdf", "title": "ESA Space Resources Strategy", "publisher": "European Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2019-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Confirm whether space resources can enable sustainable space exploration and which resources are of primary interest for this purpose.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/ESA_facts", "title": "ESA facts", "publisher": "European Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Since our creation as an intergovernmental organisation in 1975", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "entity_type" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2026/06/Prospect_mission_animation", "title": "Prospect mission animation", "publisher": "European Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Prospect will reach the lunar surface with the Intuitive Machines' Nova-C lunar lander on the IM-4 mission", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "phase", "host_mission_id", "participants" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en/news-events/news/2026/ispace-europe-secures-65m-esa-contract-for-magpie-lunar-rover.html", "title": "ispace-EUROPE Secures €65M ESA Contract for MAGPIE Lunar Rover", "publisher": "Luxembourg Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace-EUROPE has been awarded a €65 million contract by the European Space Agency (ESA) to lead the development and execution of the MAGPIE mission.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "amount", "participants", "phase" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Most www.esa.int article pages returned HTTP 403 to scripted fetches; ESA's own MAGPIE announcement not retrieved.", "No ESA space-resources budget figure sourced." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "intergovernmental", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "ESA" ], "headquarters_country": "FR", "founded_year": 1975, "role": [ "prospecting", "instrument_drill", "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://www.esa.int", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": false, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-esric", "name": "European Space Resources Innovation Centre", "summary": "Space-resources research and business-incubation centre in Luxembourg, established in August 2020 by the Luxembourg Space Agency and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), which operates and hosts it; ESA joined as strategic partner in November 2020. The Luxembourg government reported in November 2025 that ESRIC had supported 32 companies through its incubator and accelerator programmes; it also plays a role in the annual Space Resources Week conference.", "status_basis": "Luxembourg government press release of 2025-11-19 reports ongoing activity.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en/support/industry-portal/spaceresourceslu/european-space-resources-innovation-centre.html", "title": "European Space Resources Innovation Centre", "publisher": "Luxembourg Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "was established in August 2020 by the Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) and the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) as a national innovation centre in the field of space resources", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "summary", "date" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2020/11-novembre/18-luxembourg-spaceresources.html", "title": "Luxembourg teams up with ESA to create a unique \"European Space Resources Innovation Centre\" to be established in the Grand Duchy", "publisher": "The Luxembourg Government", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2020-11-18", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ESRIC is operated and hosted by LIST.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "parent_id" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2025/11-novembre/19-delles-obertin-esric.html", "title": "ESRIC celebrates five years of research and innovation in space resources", "publisher": "The Luxembourg Government", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-11-19", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ESRIC has so far supported 32 companies through these programmes", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "esric.lu returned a JavaScript bot wall; no ESRIC-authored page retrieved.", "The host organization (LIST) is not recorded here, so no parent organization is linked." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "research_institution", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "ESRIC" ], "headquarters_country": "LU", "founded_year": 2020, "role": [ "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://www.esric.lu/", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-firefly-aerospace", "name": "Firefly Aerospace", "summary": "Texas launch and spacecraft company (Nasdaq: FLY since August 2025) whose Blue Ghost Mission 1 landed in Mare Crisium on 2 March 2025 and hosted Honeybee Robotics' Lunar PlanetVac, which collected, transferred and sorted lunar soil (sample collection, not extraction). Its second lunar mission, now set for no earlier than 2027, is to carry Fleet Space's SPIDER seismic payload, which Firefly says will detect water ice deposits.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Firefly Aerospace Inc.", "Firefly", "FLY" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2017, "role": [ "lander_transport" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-05-26", "status_basis": "NASA's 2026-05-26 release states NASA selected Firefly to build the MoonFall drone transport spacecraft; Firefly's mission page lists Blue Ghost Mission 2 as upcoming.", "website": "https://fireflyspace.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Carried Honeybee Robotics' Lunar PlanetVac on Blue Ghost Mission 1 (landed 2025-03-02); the payload collected, transferred and sorted lunar soil using pressurized nitrogen. The sampling hardware was Honeybee's; the material was not returned to Earth or processed.", "claimed": "Blue Ghost Mission 2 (far side, NET 2027) will deploy Fleet Space's SPIDER seismic payload, which Firefly says will 'detect water ice deposits'." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/news/blue-ghost-mission-1-live-updates/", "title": "Blue Ghost Mission 1: Live Updates", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-03", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Lunar PlanetVac for example successfully collected, transferred, and sorted lunar soil from the Moon using pressurized nitrogen gas.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/news/firefly-announces-agreement-with-fleet-space-to-deliver-payload-to-the-moon/", "title": "Firefly Aerospace Announces Agreement with Fleet Space to Deliver Seismic Payload to Far Side of the Moon", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2023-11-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Firefly's Blue Ghost lunar lander will deploy Fleet Space's SPIDER payload to detect water ice deposits and examine the mineral profile of the lunar subsurface", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/missions/blue-ghost-mission-2/", "title": "Blue Ghost + Elytra: Lunar Far Side (mission page)", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Set to launch no earlier than 2027, the mission will deliver six international payloads", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed", "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/news/firefly-aerospace-announces-pricing-of-upsized-initial-public-offering/", "title": "Firefly Aerospace Announces Pricing of Upsized Initial Public Offering", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-08-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The shares are expected to begin trading on Nasdaq Global Market on August 7, 2025 under the ticker symbol \"FLY,\"", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "aliases" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/news/firefly-aerospace-announces-pricing-of-upsized-initial-public-offering/", "title": "Firefly Aerospace Announces Pricing of Upsized Initial Public Offering", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-08-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Established in 2017, Firefly's engineering, manufacturing, and test facilities are co-located in central Texas", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-moon-base-rovers-landers-missions/", "title": "NASA Provides Update on Moon Base Rovers, Landers, Missions (release 26-046)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-05-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "has selected Firefly Aerospace to build the spacecraft that will transport the drones from Earth orbit to the Moon", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "IPO final proceeds (including any over-allotment exercise) not confirmed from an SEC filing (EDGAR refused raw fetches)." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-fleet-space", "name": "Fleet Space Technologies", "summary": "Australian geophysical exploration and satellite company whose SPIDER seismic payload is listed on Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 2 (no earlier than 2027); Fleet Space states SPIDER will search the lunar subsurface for water ice.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Fleet Space", "Fleet Space Technologies Pty Ltd" ], "headquarters_country": "AU", "founded_year": 2015, "role": [ "prospecting", "instrument_drill" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-06-24", "website": "https://www.fleetspace.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "No lunar hardware has flown. Fleet Space operates its ExoSphere passive-seismic (ambient noise tomography) system for terrestrial mineral exploration; SPIDER is described as its lunar variant.", "claimed": "Fleet Space states SPIDER will record natural seismic waves in the Moon's subsurface for up to 14 days, tethered to Firefly's Blue Ghost lander on its second (far-side) lunar mission, to search for water ice deposits. This is a remote seismic survey, not sampling or extraction. Fleet's December 2024 release gave 2026 for deployment; Firefly's mission page now says no earlier than 2027." }, "status_basis": "Company newsroom shows a 2026-06-24 press release (BRGM MoU) and 2026 blog posts; operating business, not a lunar-only company.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.fleetspace.com/space-exploration", "title": "Space Exploration", "publisher": "Fleet Space Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Seismic Payload for Interplanetary Discovery, Exploration and Research (SPIDER), will record the natural seismic waves in the Moon's subsurface to search for water ice deposits", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/news/firefly-announces-agreement-with-fleet-space-to-deliver-payload-to-the-moon/", "title": "Firefly Aerospace Announces Agreement with Fleet Space to Deliver Seismic Payload to Far Side of the Moon", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2023-11-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Firefly's Blue Ghost lunar lander will deploy Fleet Space's SPIDER payload to detect water ice deposits and examine the mineral profile of the lunar subsurface", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "related_mission_ids", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.fleetspace.com/newsroom/fleet-space-closes-a-150m-series-d-with-a-800m-valuation", "title": "Fleet Space Closes A$150M Series D with A$800M+ Valuation", "publisher": "Fleet Space Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2024-12-12", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "SPIDER - which will be deployed on the Moon in 2026 to enhance humanity's understanding of the lunar subsurface", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/missions/blue-ghost-mission-2/", "title": "Blue Ghost Mission 2", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Set to launch no earlier than 2027, the mission will deliver six international payloads", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "related_mission_ids", "resource_activity", "missing_evidence" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.fleetspace.com/newsroom", "title": "Newsroom", "publisher": "Fleet Space Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-06-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "BRGM, France's national geological survey, has selected Fleet Space to help map critical minerals in French Guiana.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.fleetspace.com/about", "title": "About", "publisher": "Fleet Space Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "2015 Recognising the potential to unlock global discovery, Fleet Space Technologies was born.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.fleetspace.com/newsroom", "title": "Newsroom", "publisher": "Fleet Space Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "28 Butler Boulevard Adelaide Airport SA 5950 AUSTRALIA", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Agency (non-company) confirmation of the SPIDER manifest; the launch date conflict (Fleet: 2026 in its Dec 2024 release; Firefly mission page: no earlier than 2027) is resolved in favour of the carrier's current page.", "Australian Space Agency record of the A$4M Moon to Mars Demonstrator grant (space.gov.au refused the raw fetch)." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-helios", "name": "Helios", "summary": "Israeli company, set up in 2018 out of an Israel Space Agency innovation workshop, developing molten regolith electrolysis to extract oxygen and metals from lunar regolith; it announced lunar demonstration agreements with ispace (2021, for ispace's second and third missions) and OHB's LSAS lander (2021), none of which has flown. Its website now leads with terrestrial green-iron production (the 'Helios cycle') while keeping lunar oxygen as a product line.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Helios Project", "HELIOS" ], "headquarters_country": "IL", "founded_year": 2018, "role": [ "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "oxygen", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "status_basis": "Company website live on 2026-09-25 listing 2026 industry events; no 2025-2026 lunar-specific announcement was found. A dedicated search for later lunar news was not completed.", "website": "https://heliosmatters.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Ground development only: company and press state it tested its reactor concept with lunar simulant developed at the University of Central Florida. No lunar flight: the ispace Mission 2 lander (launched January 2025) payload list does not include Helios.", "claimed": "Helios states it is 'developing technologies to extract oxygen from lunar regolith' via a molten regolith electrolysis reactor that separates oxides 'into oxygen and essential metals'. Announced flight plans (not realized as of 2026-09-25): Lunar Extractor-1 on ispace landers by end-2023 and mid-2024; technology on the first three OHB LSAS missions 'starting in 2025'. Selected by DARPA for the LunA-10 lunar architecture study (2023)." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://heliosmatters.com/our-solutions/lunar-oxygen/", "title": "Lunar Oxygen", "publisher": "Helios", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Helios is developing technologies to extract oxygen from lunar regolith", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://heliosmatters.com/our-solutions/lunar-oxygen/", "title": "Lunar Oxygen", "publisher": "Helios", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "By melting and electrolyzing the abundant oxides scattered across the lunar surface, the reactor efficiently separates them into oxygen and essential metals such as iron, aluminum, titanium, and others.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed", "resources", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://heliosmatters.com/our-story/", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Helios", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Helios began as a space technology company with the bold mission to extract oxygen from the moon.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://heliosmatters.com/our-story/", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Helios", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "produces iron from iron ore, using mostly thermal energy, while emitting only oxygen", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://heliosmatters.com/our-story/", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Helios", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Scrap Supplements and Alternative Ironmaking March 9-11, 2026 Orlando, Florida, USA", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://madan.org.il/en/news/israeli-space-tech-startup-helios-make-oxygen-moon", "title": "Israeli space tech startup Helios to make oxygen on Moon (republication of a Times of Israel article by Ricky Ben-David)", "publisher": "Madan (source: The Times of Israel)", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2022-08-28", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Helios was set up in 2018 in an innovation workshop held by the Israeli Space Agency during Israel's Space Week that year.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.space.gov.il/en/research-and-development/133818", "title": "Israeli Startup to Produce Oxygen from Lunar Soil (page marked updated 12.07.2023)", "publisher": "Israel Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "has been awarded funding from the Israeli Space Agency and the Israeli Ministry of Energy to develop a system that will be launched in two space missions over the next three years", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.space.gov.il/en/research-and-development/133818", "title": "Israeli Startup to Produce Oxygen from Lunar Soil (page marked updated 12.07.2023)", "publisher": "Israel Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Helios has offices in Israel and in Florida, USA.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://room.eu.com/news/israels-helios-to-ride-on-ispace-lunar-lander-to-make-oxygen-on-the-moon", "title": "Israel's Helios to ride on ispace lunar lander to make oxygen on the Moon", "publisher": "ROOM, The Space Journal", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2021-07-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "the company has simulated most of the conditions on the Moon using Moon-like sand developed by the University of Central Florida", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://room.eu.com/news/israels-helios-to-ride-on-ispace-lunar-lander-to-make-oxygen-on-the-moon", "title": "Israel's Helios to ride on ispace lunar lander to make oxygen on the Moon", "publisher": "ROOM, The Space Journal", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2021-07-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "deliver Helios' Lunar Extractor-1 reactor to the lunar surface onboard ispace's lander by the end of 2023 and mid 2024", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://madan.org.il/en/news/israeli-space-tech-startup-helios-make-oxygen-moon", "title": "Israeli space tech startup Helios to make oxygen on Moon (republication of a Times of Israel article by Ricky Ben-David)", "publisher": "Madan (source: The Times of Israel)", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2022-08-28", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Helios signed a deal last year with European multinational tech corporation OHB SE to deliver its technology to produce oxygen and metals on the Moon aboard the lunar landing system LSAS (Lunar Surface Access Service).", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/mission-2/", "title": "HAKUTO-R Mission 2 (mission page)", "publisher": "ispace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Takasago Thermal Engineering Payload: Water electrolyzer equipment National Central University, Taiwan Payload: Deep space radiation probe", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2023/commercial-lunar-infrastructure", "title": "DARPA selects companies for LunA-10 Capability Study (integrated lunar infrastructure framework)", "publisher": "DARPA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2023-12-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "DARPA has selected the following companies for LunA-10: Blue Origin CisLunar Industries Crescent Space Services LLC Fibertek, Inc. Firefly Aerospace GITAI Helios Honeybee Robotics ICON", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Registered legal name not confirmed on a primary record (directories use 'Helios Project').", "No 2025-2026 primary statement on the status of the ispace or OHB LSAS flight plans.", "Current headquarters address not stated on the company site; ISA page cites offices in Israel and Florida; press gives Tzur Yigal, Israel (summarizer-read only)." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-honeybee-robotics", "name": "Honeybee Robotics", "summary": "Space robotics and mechanisms company (Altadena, California and Longmont, Colorado) that builds sampling and drilling hardware, including NASA's TRIDENT drill (flown in PRIME-1 on IM-2 and integrated on VIPER) and Lunar PlanetVac (operated on Blue Ghost Mission 1). It has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Blue Origin since 2022.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": "org-blue-origin", "aliases": [ "Honeybee Robotics, Ltd.", "Honeybee Robotics, Inc.", "Honeybee Robotics, a Blue Origin company" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 1983, "role": [ "instrument_drill" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "sampled" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active_subsidiary", "status_as_of": "2025-03-24", "website": "https://www.honeybeerobotics.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Lunar PlanetVac, a NASA CLPS payload, collected, transferred and sorted lunar soil at Mare Crisium on Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 1 (March 2025), per NASA. The TRIDENT drill in NASA's PRIME-1 suite on Intuitive Machines' IM-2 (March 2025) completed its range-of-motion checks, but NASA says the lander came to rest on its side, preventing full drill operation; the gases MSOLO detected were judged anthropogenic, so no lunar ice measurement was made. Honeybee also built the P-Sampler pneumatic sampler for JAXA's Phobos sample-return mission (shipped 2023).", "claimed": "TRIDENT is integrated on NASA's VIPER rover, which NASA plans to deliver to the lunar South Pole in late 2027 on Blue Origin's Blue Moon MK1. NASA describes PlanetVac-type sampling as technology that 'could benefit the search for water, helium, and other resources'. None of this is resource extraction." }, "status_basis": "Operating under its own name as a Blue Origin subsidiary: Firefly release of 2025-03-24 announces a contract with 'Honeybee Robotics, a Blue Origin company'; NASA pages through 2025 use the same wording. The acquisition was announced 2022-01-24 (Blue Origin page).", "sources": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420130239/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/honeybee-robotics-to-join-blue-origin", "title": "Honeybee Robotics to Join Blue Origin (Wayback Machine copy of blueorigin.com news page)", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2022-01-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Honeybee Robotics (Honeybee) today announced that it will be acquired by Blue Origin.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "parent_id", "status", "history" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420130239/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/honeybee-robotics-to-join-blue-origin", "title": "Honeybee Robotics to Join Blue Origin (Wayback Machine copy of blueorigin.com news page)", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2022-01-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "With major operations in Longmont, Colorado and Altadena, California, Honeybee will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Blue Origin", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "parent_id" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260420130239/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/honeybee-robotics-to-join-blue-origin", "title": "Honeybee Robotics to Join Blue Origin (Wayback Machine copy of blueorigin.com news page)", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2022-01-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Since 1983, Honeybee Robotics has delivered more than 1,000 advanced projects", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/kennedy/nasas-polar-ice-experiment-paves-way-for-future-moon-missions/", "title": "NASA's Polar Ice Experiment Paves Way for Future Moon Missions", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-02-12", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Developed by Honeybee Robotics, a Blue Origin Company, TRIDENT is a rotary percussive drill designed to excavate lunar regolith and subsurface material up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) deep.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "resources", "related_mission_ids" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-receives-some-data-before-intuitive-machines-ends-lunar-mission/", "title": "NASA Receives Some Data Before Intuitive Machines Ends Lunar Mission (Release 25-025)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-03-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Intuitive Machines said images collected later confirmed the lander was on its side, preventing it from fully operating the drill and other instruments before its batteries were depleted.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasas-lunar-drill-technology-passes-tests-on-the-moon/", "title": "NASA's Lunar Drill Technology Passes Tests on the Moon", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-04-29", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "While MSOLO was able to perform several scans to detect gases, researchers believe from the initial data that the gases detected were all anthropogenic, or human in origin", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/stmd-flight-opportunities/from-flight-test-to-the-moon-three-payloads/", "title": "From Flight Test to the Moon: A Tale of Three Payloads", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Lunar PlanetVac successfully collected, transferred, and sorted lunar soil from the Moon.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/clps/nasa-lander-to-test-vacuum-cleaner-on-moon-for-sample-collection/", "title": "NASA Lander to Test Vacuum Cleaner on Moon for Sample Collection", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-01-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Developed by Honeybee Robotics, a Blue Origin company of Altadena, California, LPV is a pneumatic, compressed gas-powered sample acquisition and delivery system", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "related_mission_ids" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/clps/nasa-lander-to-test-vacuum-cleaner-on-moon-for-sample-collection/", "title": "NASA Lander to Test Vacuum Cleaner on Moon for Sample Collection", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-01-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The technology on this CLPS payload could benefit the search for water, helium, and other resources", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/general/all-together-now-drill-joins-other-moon-rover-science-instruments/", "title": "All Together Now: Drill Joins Other Moon Rover Science Instruments", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2023-10-18", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "In the coming months, the team will integrate the drill into NASA's first robotic Moon rover, VIPER", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "related_mission_ids", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://fireflyspace.com/news/firefly-aerospace-selects-blue-origins-honeybee-robotics-to-provide-rover-for-lunar-mission-to-gruithuisen-domes/", "title": "Firefly Aerospace Selects Blue Origin's Honeybee Robotics to Provide Rover for Lunar Mission to Gruithuisen Domes", "publisher": "Firefly Aerospace", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-03-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Firefly Aerospace and Honeybee Robotics, a Blue Origin company, today announced Honeybee was contracted", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260610214646/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/honeybee-robotics-ships-phobos-mining-system-to-jaxa", "title": "Honeybee Robotics Ships Phobos Mining System to JAXA (Wayback Machine copy)", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2023-02-28", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Honeybee Robotics designed and fabricated a Pneumatic Sampler, or P-Sampler, that will capture surface material on Phobos.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s44461-026-00012-z", "title": "Results of Lunar PlanetVac, a pneumatic regolith sampling system deployed to the moon on Blue Ghost Mission 1", "publisher": "Space and Planetary Resources (Springer Nature)", "source_class": "peer_reviewed", "published": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Results of Lunar PlanetVac, a pneumatic regolith sampling system deployed to the moon on Blue Ghost Mission 1", "quote_confirmed_raw": false, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Closing date of the Blue Origin acquisition not confirmed by a primary source (announced 2022-01-24, expected to close mid-February 2022); terms undisclosed", "honeybeerobotics.com redirects (HTTP 307) to blueorigin.com as of 2026-09-25; no 2026 primary source found showing Honeybee still trading under its own name, so active_subsidiary vs absorbed needs review", "Peer-reviewed Lunar PlanetVac results paper (Space and Planetary Resources, 2026) is behind a bot wall; only its title was confirmed (via Crossref metadata)" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [ { "field": "parent_id", "old": "Ensign-Bickford Industries (not in roster)", "new": "org-blue-origin", "changed_on": "2022", "reason": "source_update", "source_index": 0 } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-icon-technology", "name": "ICON Technology, Inc.", "summary": "Austin, Texas construction-technology company developing the Olympus lunar construction system under a NASA SBIR Phase III contract; NASA describes Olympus as designed to use lunar and Martian regolith as building material.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "ICON", "ICON Build" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "mars" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-04-14", "website": "https://www.iconbuild.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Ground development and one suborbital experiment: NASA states ICON flew the Duneflow experiment on a Blue Origin suborbital rocket in February 2025 to characterize simulated lunar regolith under about two minutes of simulated lunar gravity. No lunar hardware has flown.", "claimed": "NASA and ICON describe the Olympus system as using lasers to melt regolith into ceramic-like structures for landing pads, habitats and roads on the Moon; NASA's 2022 contract runs through 2028." }, "status_basis": "ICON's newsroom lists 2026 items including the 2026-04-14 launch of ICON Prime, a government division covering space applications; the latest NASA primary source on Olympus is dated 2025-05-13.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/marshall/nasa-icon-advance-lunar-construction-technology-for-moon-missions/", "title": "NASA, ICON Advance Lunar Construction Technology for Moon Missions", "publisher": "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2022-11-29", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The new NASA SBIR Phase III award will support the development of ICON's Olympus construction system, which is designed to use local resources on the Moon and Mars as building materials. The contract runs through 2028 and has a value of $57.2 million.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "resources", "amount", "date", "counterparty_id" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/marshall/nasa-icon-advance-lunar-construction-technology-for-moon-missions/", "title": "NASA, ICON Advance Lunar Construction Technology for Moon Missions", "publisher": "NASA Marshall Space Flight Center", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2022-11-29", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "NASA has awarded ICON, located in Austin, a contract to develop construction technologies that could help build infrastructure such as landing pads, habitats, and roads on the lunar surface.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/nasa-enables-construction-technology-for-moon-and-mars-exploration/", "title": "NASA Enables Construction Technology for Moon and Mars Exploration", "publisher": "NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-05-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The ICON company uses a robotic 3D printing technique called Laser Vitreous Multi-material Transformation, in which high-powered lasers melt local surface materials, or regolith, that then solidify to form strong, ceramic-like structures.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.iconbuild.com/newsroom", "title": "Newsroom", "publisher": "ICON Technology, Inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-04-14", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ICON Launches ICON Prime, a Dedicated Government Division focused on Military, Intelligence, and Space Applications to Accelerate Robotic Construction for National Security", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.iconbuild.com/newsroom", "title": "Newsroom", "publisher": "ICON Technology, Inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-02-20", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ICON's Project \"Duneflow\" Completes Successful Space Flight with Blue Origin", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "2026 status of the Olympus lunar program specifically (ICON's 2026 newsroom items are terrestrial/military apart from the April 2026 ICON Prime division announcement that names space applications).", "Founding year from a primary source." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-isro", "name": "Indian Space Research Organisation", "summary": "India's national space agency. Chandrayaan-1 (2008-2009) carried NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper, whose data showed hydroxyl/water signatures on the lunar surface; Chandrayaan-3 landed near 69.4 degrees S in 2023; ISRO is building the lander for the Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX water-prospecting mission with JAXA, which ISRO says received Indian government financial sanction on 10 March 2025.", "status_basis": "Operating national agency; ISRO pages accessed 2026-09-25.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.isro.gov.in/profile.html", "title": "ISRO Profile", "publisher": "Indian Space Research Organisation", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ISRO was formed on August 15, 1969", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan_1.html", "title": "Chandrayaan-1", "publisher": "Indian Space Research Organisation", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Chandrayaan-1, India's first mission to Moon, was launched successfully on October 22, 2008 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "launch_date", "phase" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://theprint.in/science/jaxa-isro-scientists-mission-interface-chandrayaan-5-partnership/3001095/", "title": "JAXA, ISRO scientists meet to finalise Chandrayaan-5 mission interface", "publisher": "ThePrint", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The approval for the Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX mission was received from the government of India on March 10, 2025, in the form of financial sanction", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "phase", "history", "date" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "ISRO's own release on the Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX approval not retrieved; approval date comes from an ISRO statement quoted by ThePrint." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "government_agency", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "ISRO" ], "headquarters_country": "IN", "founded_year": 1969, "role": [ "prospecting" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://www.isro.gov.in", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-interlune", "name": "Interlune", "summary": "Seattle company that states it will harvest helium-3 (and later other resources) from lunar regolith and return the helium-3 to Earth. As of September 2026 it has ground prototypes, customer purchase agreements, and NASA-funded lunar payloads in development, but has not flown hardware to the Moon.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Interlune Corp", "Interlune Corporation" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2020, "role": [ "prospecting", "extraction", "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "helium_3", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "oxygen", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "rare_earths", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-05-04", "website": "https://www.interlune.space", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Earth-based work only. Company-stated: parabolic-flight tests of regolith sorting and extraction prototypes (2024-2025); a full-scale excavator prototype built with Vermeer and unveiled 2025-05-07 (tested 'with auxiliary components'); helium implanted into an ilmenite simulant and released at temperatures matching Apollo samples (announced 2026-08-26); and 'Cold Capture' cryogenic separation producing 99% pure helium-3 from terrestrial Grade A helium (announced 2026-07-20). No Interlune hardware has flown to the Moon and no lunar helium-3 has been extracted or delivered.", "claimed": "Interlune states it will estimate helium-3 abundance from surface imaging on Griffin-1 (METAL camera, late 2026), fly the NASA-funded Prospect Moon payload (ready for launch in 2028) to extract and measure solar-wind volatiles, then operate a lunar pilot plant and return helium-3 to Earth, with contracted deliveries starting 2028-2029 and industrial quantities in the 2030s, followed by metals, rare earth elements, water and oxygen." }, "status_basis": "NASA announced in May 2026 a $6.9 million Phase III SBIR contract to Interlune for lunar resource-prospecting technology development. This primary award announcement supports active development; it does not establish completion of a private financing round.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/space-resources-startup-interlune-raises-18-million-in-seed-capital", "title": "Space Resources Startup Interlune Raises $18 Million in Seed Capital", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2024-03-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Interlune will initially focus on extracting and transporting lunar Helium-3 back to Earth for use by commercial and government customers in national security, quantum computing, medical imaging, and fusion energy markets.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "resources", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/space-resources-startup-interlune-raises-18-million-in-seed-capital", "title": "Space Resources Startup Interlune Raises $18 Million in Seed Capital", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2024-03-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Based in Seattle, Interlune was founded in 2020 by a team of highly experienced government and industry experts.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1942463/000194246326000002/xslFormDX01/primary_doc.xml", "title": "SEC Form D (Interlune Corp, filed 2026-09-15)", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Total Offering Amount $ 5,000,000 USD or Indefinite Total Amount Sold $ 5,000,000 USD", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/technology/nasa-fosters-development-of-lunar-resource-seeking-technologies/", "title": "NASA Fosters Development of Lunar Resource-Seeking Technologies", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-05-04", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "To advance ISRU technologies, NASA has awarded a firm-fixed-price contract of $6.9 million over the next year and a half to Interlune of Seattle", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "related_mission_ids" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/space-resources-company-interlune-unveils-full-scale-prototype-of-excavator-for-harvesting-helium-3-from-the-moon", "title": "Space Resources Company Interlune Unveils Full-Scale Prototype of Excavator for Harvesting Helium-3 from the Moon", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-05-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "unveiled the full-scale prototype of the Interlune excavator, a machine designed to ingest 100 metric tons of Moon dirt, or regolith, per hour and return it to the surface in a continuous motion", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/interlune-produces-pure-helium-3-from-domestic-helium-using-novel-cryogenic-technology", "title": "Interlune Produces Pure Helium-3 from Domestic Helium Using Novel Cryogenic Technology", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-20", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "its Cold Capture technology has demonstrated production of 99% pure helium-3 from Grade A helium", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/interlune-implants-helium-into-simulated-moon-dirt-advancing-the-ability-to-test-moon-bound-hardware-on-earth", "title": "Interlune Implants Helium into Simulated Moon Dirt, Advancing the Ability to Test Moon-Bound Hardware on Earth", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-08-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "it has successfully implanted and then extracted helium-4 in simulated Moon dirt with the same results as actual samples collected during the Apollo missions", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/interlune-to-fly-multispectral-camera-on-astrolab-flip-rover-to-measure-helium-3-on-the-moon", "title": "Interlune to Fly Multispectral Camera on Astrolab FLIP Rover to Measure Helium-3 on the Moon", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-08-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Interlune plans to demonstrate its harvesting technology on the Moon in several demonstration missions before returning industrial quantities of lunar helium-3 to Earth for commercial and government customers in the 2030s.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/natural-resources", "title": "Natural Resources from the Moon", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "More than $500 million in binding purchase orders for tens of thousands of liters of helium-3 annually, with delivery from 2028 to 2037.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "No Department of Energy publication of the helium-3 purchase agreement was found; it is company-announced only", "Maybell Quantum's own announcement was not checked raw; the Maybell agreement rests on Interlune's release", "Company purchase-order totals ('nearly $500 million' in May/July 2026 releases; 'more than $500 million' on its website) are not independently verified", "No lander or launch vehicle has been named for Prospect Moon", "The September 2026 Form D and reported $5 million SAFE sale were not independently retrievable in the Astra review. The filing claim is not used here as a confirmed financing fact; active status instead rests on NASA's May 2026 award announcement." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "gpt-6-astra", "reviewer_run": "research/review/astra-hard-area-corrections-20260926.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": [ 3 ], "edits_applied": 3, "base_record_sha256": "4567a589340d188699f3289b3495cfb249ab0e295681f0c44629117d8126ca07" } }, { "stable_id": "org-intuitive-machines", "name": "Intuitive Machines", "summary": "Houston lunar lander company (Nasdaq: LUNR) whose IM-2 lander Athena carried NASA's PRIME-1 ice-drill and mass-spectrometer suite, Lunar Outpost's MAPP rover and IM's own Grace hopper to the south polar region in March 2025; the lander came to rest on its side and the mission ended the next day. NASA awarded it a further $180.4 million CLPS delivery in March 2026 that includes volatile-measuring instruments, targeted for 2030.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Intuitive Machines, Inc.", "LUNR" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "lander_transport" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-05-26", "status_basis": "NASA award of 2026-03-27 ($180.4 million CLPS delivery) and NASA's 2026-05-26 Moon Base update naming IM's Nova-C 'Trinity' lander for Moon Base III.", "website": "https://www.intuitivemachines.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Delivered IM-2 (launched 2025-02-26) to the Mons Mouton region; per IM, the lander landed inside a crater on its side, some payload milestones including NASA's PRIME-1 suite were accelerated before the batteries depleted, and the mission ended 2025-03-07. NASA states the drill demonstrated its range of motion but the lander's orientation prevented full drill operation; MSOLO detected gases likely from the lander's own propulsion. IM's Grace hopper (carrying DLR's LRAD radiometer, meant to demonstrate water-ice detection methods in a shadowed crater) did not complete its hops. No lunar resource was sampled or measured in situ.", "claimed": "IM will deliver a NASA CLPS payload suite to the south polar region targeted for 2030 that includes MSolo, which NASA says measures volatiles 'which can be used as resources', and NIRVSS (ice detection)." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/03/07/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/intuitive-machines-executes-southernmost-lunar-landing-and-operates-payloads/2069351", "title": "Intuitive Machines Executes Southernmost Lunar Landing and Operates Payloads (verbatim GlobeNewswire syndication of the company release)", "publisher": "Intuitive Machines via GlobeNewswire (syndicated by The Manila Times)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-03-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Images downlinked from Athena on the lunar surface confirmed that Athena was on her side.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://investors.intuitivemachines.com/news-releases/news-release-details/intuitive-machines-executes-southernmost-lunar-landing-and", "title": "Intuitive Machines Executes Southernmost Lunar Landing and Operates Payloads (investor-relations original; returned HTTP 403 to raw fetch)", "publisher": "Intuitive Machines", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-03-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Images downlinked from Athena on the lunar surface confirmed that Athena was on her side.", "quote_confirmed_raw": false, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-receives-some-data-before-intuitive-machines-ends-lunar-mission/", "title": "NASA Receives Some Data Before Intuitive Machines Ends Lunar Mission (release 25-025)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-03-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Intuitive Machines said images collected later confirmed the lander was on its side, preventing it from fully operating the drill and other instruments before its batteries were depleted.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/latest/news/2025/new-lunar-mission-to-demonstrate-search-for-water-ice-at-moon-s-south-pole", "title": "New lunar mission to demonstrate search for water ice at Moon's south pole", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-02-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "It will also demonstrate methods for detecting water ice deposits in other regions.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/clps/nasa-selects-intuitive-machines-to-deliver-artemis-science-tech-to-moon/", "title": "NASA Selects Intuitive Machines to Deliver Artemis Science, Tech to Moon", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-03-27", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "MSolo measures low molecular weight volatiles, which can be used as resources on the lunar surface.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/clps/nasa-selects-intuitive-machines-to-deliver-artemis-science-tech-to-moon/", "title": "NASA Selects Intuitive Machines to Deliver Artemis Science, Tech to Moon", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-03-27", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "NASA has awarded Intuitive Machines of Houston, $180.4 million to deliver NASA-funded science and technology to the lunar surface", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-moon-base-rovers-landers-missions/", "title": "NASA Provides Update on Moon Base Rovers, Landers, Missions (release 26-046)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-05-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Its anchor investigation, Lunar Vertex, will fly on Intuitive Machines' Nova-C Trinity lunar lander", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year not raw-confirmed (IM website is a JavaScript app; investor site and SEC EDGAR refused raw fetches).", "IM investor-relations originals return HTTP 403 to raw fetch; IM statements confirmed via verbatim newswire syndication.", "No funding/IPO event recorded: the 2023 SPAC listing was not confirmed against a fetchable filing." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-ispace-europe", "name": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "summary": "Luxembourg subsidiary of ispace, inc. that built the Tenacious micro-rover, lost with the Mission 2 lander in June 2025 before deployment, and is mission prime for ESA's MAGPIE lunar south-pole water-ice prospecting rover, planned to launch in 2029. It holds a December 2020 NASA regolith-purchase contract under which no regolith has been collected.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": "org-ispace", "aliases": [ "ispace Europe", "ispace-EUROPE", "ispace EU" ], "headquarters_country": "LU", "founded_year": 2017, "role": [ "rover_mobility", "prospecting" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "helium_3", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active_subsidiary", "status_as_of": "2026-09-02", "status_basis": "ispace-EUROPE and ESA marked the signing of the MAGPIE Phase 2 contract on 2026-09-01 (release dated 2026-09-02); ispace, inc. describes it as its Luxembourg-based European entity.", "website": "https://ispace-inc.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Built the ~5 kg Tenacious micro-rover with an Epiroc-developed regolith shovel and obtained a mission authorization for it under Luxembourg's 2017 space resources law (which ispace-EUROPE describes as the first granted in Europe); the rover was stowed on the Mission 2 lander, which hard-landed on 2025-06-05 UTC, so it never collected regolith. NASA recorded interim milestones on its regolith contract in 2022. Completed MAGPIE Mission Definition Review (Sept 2025) and received the EUR 65 million ESA Phase 2 contract (July 2026).", "claimed": "ispace-EUROPE states MAGPIE will prospect for water ice and volatiles near the lunar south pole (launch planned 2029 on ispace Mission 4), and that it will integrate Magna Petra's NASA-built MSOLO mass spectrometer on a micro-rover for helium-3 reconnaissance under a USD 22 million payload agreement (October 2025)." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2022/05/02/ispace-marks-five-year-anniversary-of-european-office/", "title": "ispace Marks Five Year Anniversary of European Office", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2022-05-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace EU opened in March 2017, under a cooperative agreement with the Government of Luxembourg's SpaceResources.lu initiative to support the commercialization of space resource development.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "parent_id", "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/01/08/ispace-europe-secures-first-ever-mission-authorization-under-luxembourgs-space-resources-law/", "title": "ispace-EUROPE Secures First-Ever Mission Authorization Under Luxembourg's Space Resources Law", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-01-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "has obtained a mission authorization under the 2017 Luxembourg Space Resources Law to operate the TENACIOUS Micro Rover during the upcoming ispace, inc. (ispace), Mission 2.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/01/08/ispace-europe-secures-first-ever-mission-authorization-under-luxembourgs-space-resources-law/", "title": "ispace-EUROPE Secures First-Ever Mission Authorization Under Luxembourg's Space Resources Law", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-01-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The TENACIOUS Micro Rover, designed for lunar exploration and resource utilization, will execute key operations, including the collection and transfer of ownership of lunar regolith for ispace-EUROPE to execute a 2020 regolith contract signed with NASA.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-companies-to-collect-lunar-resources-for-artemis-demonstrations/", "title": "NASA Selects Companies to Collect Lunar Resources for Artemis Demonstrations (Release 20-118)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2020-12-03", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace Europe proposed collection for $5,000 following arrival in 2023 of a lander to the lunar South Pole.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2022/09/22/ispace-receives-interim-payment-on-lunar-regolith-transfer-contract-from-nasa/", "title": "ispace Receives Interim Payment on Lunar Regolith Transfer Contract from NASA", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2022-09-22", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace EUROPE S.A. (ispace EU) met its interim milestones on its contract to acquire regolith from the lunar surface to sell to the space agency", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/01/08/ispace-europe-secures-first-ever-mission-authorization-under-luxembourgs-space-resources-law/", "title": "ispace-EUROPE Secures First-Ever Mission Authorization Under Luxembourg's Space Resources Law", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-01-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The TENACIOUS micro rover is 26 cm tall, 31.5 cm wide, 54 cm long, and weighs approximately 5 kg.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/07/24/esa-awards-ispace-europe-contract-for-execution-of-magpie-esas-first-lunar-rover/", "title": "ESA Awards ispace-EUROPE Contract for Execution of MAGPIE, ESA's First Lunar Rover", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ESA has agreed to funding the development and flight of MAGPIE, Europe's first lunar polar ice exploration rover, led by ispace-EUROPE", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "role", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/09/02/esa-and-ispace-europe-mark-official-signing-of-europes-first-lunar-polar-ice-exploration-rover-mission/", "title": "ESA and ispace-EUROPE Mark Official Signing of Europe's First Lunar Polar Ice Exploration Rover Mission", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-09-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "It follows ESA's July 2026 award of the €65 million Phase 2 contract to ispace-EUROPE.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/09/10/ispace-europe-completes-mission-definition-review-for-esa-backed-magpie-mission-advancing-europes-first-lunar-polar-resource-prospecting-rover/", "title": "ispace-EUROPE Completes Mission Definition Review for ESA-backed MAGPIE mission", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-09-10", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The mission will travel to the Moon's south polar region to investigate the presence of water ice, map the distribution of hydrogen, and study the geological history of this unique environment.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/10/06/ispace-and-magna-petra-corp-sign-payload-service-agreement-to-deliver-nasas-msolo-instrument-to-the-moon/", "title": "ispace and Magna Petra Corp. sign Payload Service Agreement to deliver NASA's MSOLO instrument to the Moon", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-10-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace-EUROPE will integrate a NASA-developed Mass Spectrometer Observing Lunar Operations (MSOLO) instrument into its upcoming Mission 3 lunar micro-rover platform as part of Magna Petra's Helium Availability of Lunar Origin (HALO) reconnaissance mission.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year taken from ispace's statement that the European office opened in March 2017; Luxembourg company-register (RCS) record not retrieved.", "Current mission assignment of the Magna Petra MSOLO micro-rover after ispace's March 2026 mission renumbering and the July 2026 end of CLPS CP-12 is not stated in any source found." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": false, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-ispace-us", "name": "ispace technologies U.S., inc.", "summary": "Colorado-based U.S. subsidiary of ispace, inc. that was developing the APEX 1.0 lander as a Draper subcontractor for NASA CLPS task order CP-12; NASA and Draper ended CP-12 effective 2026-07-09, and APEX 1.0 has been merged into ispace's ULTRA lander. Its resource link is that the October 2025 Magna Petra agreement placed the helium-3 reconnaissance micro-rover on its APEX 1.0 lander.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": "org-ispace", "aliases": [ "ispace-U.S.", "ispace U.S.", "ispace technologies U.S." ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "lander_transport" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [], "status": "active_subsidiary", "status_as_of": "2026-09-17", "status_basis": "On 2026-09-17 ispace-U.S. announced a definitive agreement with Argo Space to deliver its Alpine relay satellite to lunar orbit (Mission 2.5, as early as 2027); its July 2026 release says it plans to bid for NASA's CLPS 2.0.", "website": "https://ispace-inc.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Has not flown a lander. Its APEX 1.0 lander (engine changed twice) was folded into the ULTRA design in March 2026; the CLPS CP-12 prime contract held by Draper was mutually ended with NASA on 2026-07-09 (U.S. Mountain Time), and ispace expects the Draper subcontract to terminate.", "claimed": "ispace-U.S. states it will provide lunar transportation for the U.S. market and will propose to NASA's CLPS 2.0; per the October 2025 Magna Petra release, ispace-EUROPE's MSOLO-carrying micro-rover was to fly on its APEX 1.0 lander." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2023/09/28/ispace-u-s-announces-new-u-s-headquarters-unveils-apex-1-0-lunar-lander-provides-updates-on-mission-3/", "title": "ispace - U.S. Announces new U.S. Headquarters, Unveils APEX 1.0 Lunar Lander, Provides Updates on Mission 3", "publisher": "ispace technologies U.S., inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2023-09-28", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace technologies U.S. (ispace - U.S.), an American lunar exploration company providing Earth-to-Moon transportation and infrastructure capabilities, today announced its new U.S. headquarters in Denver, Colorado", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "entity_type" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/09/17/argo-space-and-ispace-u-s-head-to-the-moon-with-finalized-contract-for-lunar-satellite-delivery-mission-2-5/", "title": "Argo Space and ispace-U.S. Head to the Moon with Finalized Contract for Lunar Satellite Delivery \"Mission 2.5\"", "publisher": "ispace technologies U.S., inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-09-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Argo will deliver ispace's Lunar Connect communication relay satellite to lunar orbit.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/09/17/argo-space-and-ispace-u-s-head-to-the-moon-with-finalized-contract-for-lunar-satellite-delivery-mission-2-5/", "title": "Argo Space and ispace-U.S. Head to the Moon with Finalized Contract for Lunar Satellite Delivery \"Mission 2.5\"", "publisher": "ispace technologies U.S., inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-09-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "clears the way for the mission, ispace Mission 2.5, to launch as early as 2027.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/07/15/ispace-u-s-update-on-contract-with-draper/", "title": "ispace-U.S. Update on Contract with Draper", "publisher": "ispace technologies U.S., inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-15", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Draper has mutually agreed with NASA to end the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) task order CP-12.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://finance-frontend-pc-dist.west.edge.storage-yahoo.jp/disclosure/20260715/20260713592593.pdf", "title": "Notice Regarding NASA's CP-12 Contract Between ispace-U.S. and Draper (TSE timely disclosure, English version, hosted by Yahoo! Finance Japan)", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": "2026-07-15", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "On July 9, 2026 (U.S. Mountain Time), the mutual end of the contract related to CLPS* Task Order CP-12 entered into between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (\"NASA\") and The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. (\"Draper\") was effectuated.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity", "status_basis" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/07/15/ispace-u-s-update-on-contract-with-draper/", "title": "ispace-U.S. Update on Contract with Draper", "publisher": "ispace technologies U.S., inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-15", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace-U.S. plans to collaborate with NASA and propose to the CLPS 2.0 requirements", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/03/27/ispace-announces-new-ultra-lunar-lander-integrating-japanese-and-u-s-lander-models/", "title": "ispace Announces New \"ULTRA\" Lunar Lander Integrating Japanese and U.S. Lander Models", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-03-27", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The ULTRA lunar lander, which will include a new engine-a change from the previous vendor-will be used in each of ispace's next missions, resulting in a mission shift and schedule update for ispace-U.S.'s first mission, now expected in 2030.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/10/06/ispace-and-magna-petra-corp-sign-payload-service-agreement-to-deliver-nasas-msolo-instrument-to-the-moon/", "title": "ispace and Magna Petra Corp. sign Payload Service Agreement to deliver NASA's MSOLO instrument to the Moon", "publisher": "ispace EUROPE S.A.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-10-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Mission 3 rover will fly on ispace technologies U.S.' (ispace-U.S.) APEX 1.0. lunar lander", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding/incorporation year of ispace technologies U.S., inc. not found in a primary source.", "No confirmation that the Draper subcontract termination has been finalized (TSE notice of 2026-07-15 says a further announcement will follow)." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": false, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-ispace", "name": "ispace, inc.", "summary": "Tokyo-based lunar lander company listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Growth Market (code 9348) whose two landing attempts (April 2023 and June 2025) both ended with the lander lost before a soft touchdown. It held a December 2020 NASA contract to collect lunar regolith and transfer ownership in place; because neither lander landed, no regolith was collected or transferred.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "ispace", "ispace Japan", "White Label Space Japan (predecessor name)" ], "headquarters_country": "JP", "founded_year": 2010, "role": [ "lander_transport", "rover_mobility" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-09", "status_basis": "Company releases dated 2026-08-07 (Q1 results, TSE-listed) and 2026-09-09 (new bank loan) describe continuing development of ULTRA-lander Missions 3 (2028) and 4 (2029).", "website": "https://ispace-inc.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Launched two landers (2022-12-11 and 2025-01-15) that reached lunar orbit; both were lost during landing, so no lunar regolith was collected and no ownership transfer to NASA took place. Mission 2 carried a Takasago Thermal Engineering water-electrolysis payload filled with ultra-pure water supplied from Earth by Kurita; it could not operate on the surface because the lander was lost.", "claimed": "ispace states it will build a lunar economy around lunar water resources; it has signed a feasibility MoU with Takasago on thermal mining for lunar water extraction (May 2025), a lunar water-resource partnership with Kurita (Dec 2025), and a sample-return MoU with ElevationSpace (Sept 2025), and its Mission 4 (planned 2029) is to carry ESA's MAGPIE water-ice prospecting rover." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/history/", "title": "Our history (timeline)", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "White Label Space Japan, the predecessor to ispace, is founded by Takeshi Hakamada to participate in the Google Lunar XPRIZE.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "aliases" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2023/04/12/ispace-listed-on-the-tokyo-stock-exchange-growth-market/", "title": "ispace listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Growth Market", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2023-04-12", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace has been listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Growth Market today, April 12, 2023.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "entity_type" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/08/07/ispace-announces-q1-financial-results-for-the-fiscal-year-ending-march-2027/", "title": "ispace Announces Q1 Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ending March 2027", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-08-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "ispace is actively pursuing new contracts for Mission 5 in 2029, in addition to steady development of Mission 2.5, scheduled to deploy a lunar satellite, and lunar landing missions in Mission 3 and Mission 4, scheduled for 2028 and 2029, respectively.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2026/09/09/ispace-secures-approximately-19-million-in-bank-financing-from-shizuoka-bank/", "title": "ispace Secures Approximately $19 Million in Bank Financing from Shizuoka Bank", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-09-09", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "a resolution has been made by its Board of Directors to secure approximately $19 Million USD (¥3 Billion JPY) in new financing as part of a loan agreement with Shizuoka Bank.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2020/12/04/ispace-awarded-two-contracts-by-nasa-for-worlds-first-commercial-transaction-of-lunar-resources/", "title": "ispace Awarded Two Contracts by NASA for World's First Commercial Transaction of Lunar Resources", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2020-12-04", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The first contract, awarded to ispace, inc. (the company's headquarters in Tokyo, Japan), will collect regolith with its lander during its first mission (M1) planned in 2022", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2023/05/26/ispace-announces-results-of-the-hakuto-r-mission-1-lunar-landing/", "title": "ispace Announces Results of the \"HAKUTO-R\" Mission 1 Lunar Landing", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2023-05-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "After reaching the scheduled landing time, the lander continued to descend at a low speed until the propulsion system ran out of fuel. At that time, the controlled descent of the lander ceased, and it is believed to have free-fallen to the Moon's surface.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/06/06/status-update-on-ispace-mission-2-smbc-x-hakuto-r-venture-moon/", "title": "Status Update on ispace Mission 2 SMBC x HAKUTO-R Venture Moon", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-06-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "As of 8:00 a.m. on June 6, 2025, mission controllers have determined that it is unlikely that communication with the lander will be restored and therefore completing Success 9, is not achievable. It has been decided to conclude the mission.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/05/09/ispace-and-takasago-thermal-engineering-co-ltd-agree-to-explore-thermal-mining-technology-for-water-extraction-on-the-moon/", "title": "ispace and Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd. Agree to Explore Thermal Mining Technology for Water Extraction on the Moon", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-05-09", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "On ispace's Mission 2, \"SMBC x HAKUTO-R VENTURE MOON\" Takasago developed the main payload, water electrolysis equipment, to attempt to split water into molecules on the Moon.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/10/06/ispace-announces-third-party-allotment-of-new-shares-to-kurita-water-industries/", "title": "ispace Announces Third-Party Allotment of New Shares to Kurita Water Industries", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-10-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Kurita Water Industries provided ultra-pure water used in the water electrolysis device developed by Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd. that flew as a payload on ispace's Mission 2.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/mission-2/", "title": "Mission 2 (mission page)", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "At ispace, we've turned our attention to the Moon. By taking advantage of lunar water resources, we can develop the space infrastructure needed to enrich our daily lives on earth", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/05/09/ispace-and-takasago-thermal-engineering-co-ltd-agree-to-explore-thermal-mining-technology-for-water-extraction-on-the-moon/", "title": "ispace and Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd. Agree to Explore Thermal Mining Technology for Water Extraction on the Moon", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-05-09", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The agreement aims to conduct a feasibility study for joint technology development with the goal of demonstrating the extraction of water on the Moon.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" }, { "url": "https://www.ispace-inc.com/2025/12/04/ispace-and-kurita-water-industries-agree-on-strategic-partnership-for-lunar-water-resource-development/", "title": "ispace and Kurita Water Industries Agree on Strategic Partnership for Lunar Water Resource Development", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-12-04", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "have signed a strategic partnership agreement to create business opportunities focused on water resources and building supply infrastructure on the lunar surface in the future.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "official" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "No NASA or ispace record found stating the final disposition (fulfilled, terminated or expired) of ispace's December 2020 regolith contract after the Mission 1 loss.", "IPO proceeds not recorded: the TSE securities registration statement / prospectus was not retrieved." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": false, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-jaxa", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "summary": "Japan's national space agency. Its resource-related work centers on the Lunar Polar Exploration mission (LUPEX / Chandrayaan-5) with ISRO, which JAXA describes as obtaining data on the quantity and forms of lunar water resources to judge whether they can be used; JAXA also returned samples from asteroid Ryugu with Hayabusa2 (a science mission, held in discovery).", "status_basis": "Operating national agency; JAXA pages accessed 2026-09-25.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.exploration.jaxa.jp/e/program/lunarpolar/", "title": "Lunar Polar Exploration Mission", "publisher": "JAXA Space Exploration Center", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "JAXA is working with ISRO to plan an international collaborative mission to obtain the data on the quantity and forms of the water resources present on the Moon", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "objective", "inclusion_basis", "participants", "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://global.jaxa.jp/about/history/", "title": "JAXA History", "publisher": "JAXA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Establishment of an Independent Administrative Agency", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Japan's 2021 space resources act is administered by the Cabinet Office, not JAXA. The act is recorded on its own law page." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "government_agency", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "JAXA" ], "headquarters_country": "JP", "founded_year": 2003, "role": [ "prospecting", "rover_mobility" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "near_earth_asteroid" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://global.jaxa.jp", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Karman Plus", "K+" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year and legal entity registration not confirmed from a primary source.", "No launch provider or manifest has been named for the mid-2028 launch slot, so no mission record is created (plans are announced only)." ], "stable_id": "org-karman-plus", "name": "Karman+", "summary": "Asteroid-mining startup headquartered in Denver, Colorado (relocated from the Netherlands in 2022) that states it plans to excavate regolith from near-Earth asteroids and extract water for in-orbit refuelling. It has flown no spacecraft; its first mission, an announced technology demonstration now targeting asteroid 99942 Apophis, slipped from an early-2027 rideshare to a mid-2028 launch according to the company.", "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "prospecting", "extraction" ], "target_bodies": [ "near_earth_asteroid" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-16", "status_basis": "Karman+ published company updates on its own site on 21 July 2026 (mission retargeting) and 16 September 2026 (open-source tool release).", "website": "https://www.karmanplus.com/", "confidence": "high", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.karmanplus.com/karman-raises-20-million-to-mine-asteroids-to-supply-the-space-economy-2/", "title": "Karman+ raises $20 million to mine asteroids to supply the space economy", "publisher": "Karman+", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-02-19", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Crucial to Karman+'s roadmap is excavating regolith material from near-Earth asteroids and extracting water for refueling in orbit.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "resources", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://oedit.colorado.gov/press-release/polis-administration-secures-asteroid-mining-company-for-denver-expansion", "title": "Polis Administration Secures Asteroid Mining Company for Denver Expansion", "publisher": "Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2022-11-30", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "space resources startup Karman+ has selected Denver for relocation from the Netherlands", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.karmanplus.com/k-mission-1-99942-apophis/", "title": "K+ Mission 1 -> 99942 Apophis", "publisher": "Karman+", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-21", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "our original launch in early 2027 slipped because our propulsion vendor could not deliver on time", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.karmanplus.com/missions/", "title": "Missions - Karman+", "publisher": "Karman+", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Our first spacecraft is going to asteroid Apophis.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.karmanplus.com/prospector-rapid-prototyping-for-deep-space/", "title": "Prospector - Rapid Prototyping for Deep Space", "publisher": "Karman+", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-09-16", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Today we're releasing Prospector, the tool we use internally to decide where to go as well as what spacecraft to design", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-lunar-outpost", "name": "Lunar Outpost", "summary": "Golden, Colorado rover developer that holds a 2020 NASA contract to collect and sell lunar regolith for $1; its MAPP rover reached the Moon on Intuitive Machines' IM-2 lander in March 2025 but was never deployed because the lander came to rest on its side, so no regolith was collected. Lunar Outpost states it will perform the first commercial sale of space resources; that sale has not occurred.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Lunar Outpost Inc" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "rover_mobility", "prospecting" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-05-26", "status_basis": "Company release of a $30M Series B on 2026-05-07 and NASA's 2026-05-26 release awarding Lunar Outpost $220 million for Phase 1 Lunar Terrain Vehicle work.", "website": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Flew the MAPP rover (Lunar Voyage 1) on IM-2 (launched 2025-02-26); the rover carried a regolith collection mechanism for the NASA space-resources contract and a neutron spectrometer for water-signature prospecting, but the lander tipped and MAPP was never deployed, so no regolith was collected and no surface prospecting occurred. Received a $0.10 NASA payment in 2021 for completing the contract's concept review (not payment for delivered regolith). Provides the rover mobility element for the NASA LuSTR ASPECT project (autonomous site preparation: moving regolith, grading, compaction).", "claimed": "Company materials describe Lunar Voyage 1 as 'the first collection and sale of off-world resources in human history' and its CEO said a company 'will extract and sell resources'; the company describes its Pegasus LTV as supporting 'resource prospecting'; its boilerplate claims a role in 'making oxygen on Mars'. It states MAPP will return to the Moon (Artemis IV DUSTER dust investigation, not a resource payload)." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-companies-to-collect-lunar-resources-for-artemis-demonstrations/", "title": "NASA Selects Companies to Collect Lunar Resources for Artemis Demonstrations (release 20-118)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2020-12-03", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Lunar Outpost proposed collection for $1 following arrival of a lander to the lunar South Pole in 2023.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-voyage-1-update", "title": "Lunar Voyage 1 Update", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-03-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Nova-C lander ended up on its side with MAPP's garage wedged upside down under the lander, preventing MAPP's deployment to the lunar surface.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-voyage-1-update", "title": "Lunar Voyage 1 Update", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-03-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Regolith Collection Mechanism for NASA Space Resources Contract", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-outpost-becomes-first-company-to-receive-payment-for-space-resources", "title": "Lunar Outpost Becomes First Company to Receive Payment for Space Resources", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2021-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "NASA administrator Bill Nelson presented a check for $0.10 to Lunar Outpost CEO, Justin Cyrus, for the successful completion of the Concept Review for that contract.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/lunar-voyage-1", "title": "Lunar Voyage 1 (mission page)", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The first collection and sale of off-world resources in human history.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-outpost-to-launch-first-mission-to-explore-the-moon-s-surface-advancing-a-sustainable-human-p", "title": "Lunar Outpost to Launch First Mission to Explore the Moon's Surface, Advancing a Sustainable Human Presence in Space", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "\"For the first time, a company-not just a government-will extract and sell resources from another planetary body,\" Cyrus added.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-outpost-secures-30m-series-b-to-build-the-industrial-foundation-of-the-space-frontier-and-eco", "title": "Lunar Outpost Secures $30M Series B to Build the Industrial Foundation of the Space Frontier and Economy", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-05-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "today announced a $30M Series B led by Industrious Ventures, with participation from Type One Ventures , Eniac Ventures , Promus Ventures , Reliable Equity, and others.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-moon-base-rovers-landers-missions/", "title": "NASA Provides Update on Moon Base Rovers, Landers, Missions (release 26-046)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-05-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "NASA has awarded Astrolab $219 million and Lunar Outpost $220 million to build and deliver the first phase of LTVs.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/nasa-selects-lunar-outpost-to-deliver-next-gen-crewed-lunar-terrain-vehicle-for-artemis-astronauts-a", "title": "NASA Selects Lunar Outpost to Deliver Next-Gen Crewed Lunar Terrain Vehicle for Artemis Astronauts and Moon Base", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-05-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Pegasus is designed to support a range of mission profiles, including site exploration, foundational science operations, resource prospecting, and surface site preparation", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-outpost-colorado-school-of-mines-developing-technology-for-autonomous-lunar-excavation-and-co", "title": "Lunar Outpost, Colorado School of Mines Developing Technology for Autonomous Lunar Excavation and Construction", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2022-08", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "the ultimate goal of the ASPECT project is the autonomous creation of a safe and efficient lunar landing site", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-outpost-europe-joins-moonraker-lunar-mapping-mission-for-esa", "title": "Lunar Outpost Europe Joins Moonraker Lunar Mapping Mission for ESA", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "From enabling the first commercial rover on the Moon and making oxygen on Mars to driving NASA's Lunar Terrain Vehicle Services program", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunaroutpost.com/post/lunar-outpost-announces-7th-mission-joining-nasa-s-artemis-iv-team-with-university-of-colorado-boul", "title": "Lunar Outpost Announces 7th Mission, Joining NASA's Artemis IV Team", "publisher": "Lunar Outpost", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-12-04", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Lunar Outpost's MAPP rover is in development to return to the lunar surface, supporting NASA's DUSTER investigation", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year not found on a primary page reviewed.", "Series A amount undisclosed by the company.", "Whether NASA's 2020 regolith contract with Lunar Outpost remains open for a future mission after IM-2 is not stated in any source reviewed.", "Nature of the claimed Mars-oxygen (MOXIE) role not established by a primary source." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-lunar-resources", "name": "Lunar Resources, Inc.", "summary": "Houston, Texas industrial technology company (SBIR awards since 2019) developing molten regolith electrolysis reactors to extract oxygen and metals from lunar regolith, alongside pulsed-power products for terrestrial and defense markets. Its oxygen and metal extraction has been demonstrated only on regolith simulant on Earth, including a 2024-2025 test with NASA Kennedy.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "LUNAR", "Lunar Resources" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "mars" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "oxygen", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2025-05-05", "status_basis": "NASA Kennedy article (2025-05-05) on joint LR-1 molten regolith electrolysis testing; SBIR.gov lists 2025 Phase II awards including NASA's IMMORTAL anode project; company site current (copyright 2026).", "website": "https://www.lunarresources.space", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Ground tests only: with NASA Kennedy Swamp Works, the company's LR-1 reactor melted about 25 kg of lunar regolith simulant in a vacuum chamber and produced molecular oxygen and metals (NASA, May 2025). NASA SBIR Phase I (2024) and Phase II (2025) awards fund a long-life molten regolith electrolysis anode (IMMORTAL). No flight hardware.", "claimed": "The company states its reactor extracts oxygen, aluminum and silicon from lunar soil and that it is developing processes to turn regolith-derived metals into components and infrastructure off Earth." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/kennedy/nasa-kennedy-breathes-life-into-moon-soil-testing/", "title": "NASA Kennedy Breathes Life into Moon Soil Testing", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-05-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "NASA Kennedy researchers in the Exploration Research and Technology programs teamed up with Lunar Resources Inc. (LUNAR), a space industrial company in Houston, Texas, to perform molten regolith electrolysis.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "status", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/kennedy/nasa-kennedy-breathes-life-into-moon-soil-testing/", "title": "NASA Kennedy Breathes Life into Moon Soil Testing", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-05-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "During the recent vacuum chamber testing, molecular oxygen was measured in its pure form along with the production of metals from a batch of dust and rock that simulates lunar soil", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.sbir.gov/portfolio/1543219", "title": "LUNAR RESOURCES, INC. - Company Portfolio Data", "publisher": "U.S. Small Business Administration (SBIR.gov)", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Year of first award: 2019 16 Phase I Awards 11 Phase II Awards", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunarresources.space/resource-extraction", "title": "Resource Extraction - Lunar Resources", "publisher": "Lunar Resources, Inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The helix-driver-powered reactor extracts essential elements-Oxygen, Aluminum, and Silicon-from lunar soil.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunarresources.space/about", "title": "About Us - Lunar Resources", "publisher": "Lunar Resources, Inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Originally spun out from several NASA-sponsored technology development programs", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.lunarresources.space/", "title": "Lunar Resources (home page)", "publisher": "Lunar Resources, Inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Lunar Resources, INC. is an American industrial technology company focused on developing new industrial processes to advance the industrial, aerospace and energy sectors through implementation of pulsed power technologies.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year not found in a primary source (first SBIR award 2019; aggregators say 2019).", "Private equity funding not disclosed; SBIR.gov reports USD 15,404,872 in SBIR/STTR awards across agencies, much of it for defense pulsed-power work rather than lunar ISRU.", "No flight manifest or lunar demonstration mission announced." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-lunar-surface-innovation-consortium", "name": "Lunar Surface Innovation Consortium", "summary": "Consortium funded by NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate and run by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory as part of NASA's Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative; it gathers government, academic, non-profit and private participants to identify lunar surface technology needs in areas that include in-situ resource utilization.", "status_basis": "NASA LSII page and LSIC pages accessed 2026-09-25 describe the consortium in the present tense.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/lunar-surface-innovation-initiative/", "title": "Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative", "publisher": "NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Lunar Surface Innovation Consortium (LSIC), funded by NASA STMD, brings together government, academia, non-profit institutions, and the private sector", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "parent_relationship" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://lsic.jhuapl.edu/About/LSII-Initiative-and-Leadership.php", "title": "LSII Initiative and Leadership", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (LSIC)", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "new technologies must be deployed, especially regarding power systems, in situ resource utilization, dust mitigation, excavation and construction, and access and operations within extreme environments", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://lsic.jhuapl.edu/About/LSIC-Mission.php", "title": "LSIC Mission", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (LSIC)", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Identify lunar surface technology needs and assess the readiness of relative systems and components", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year (reported as 2020) not confirmed from a primary page; the consortium home page did not show its text when checked.", "Whether NASA should be recorded as the parent organization, because it funds the consortium, or left unset because APL runs it, was not decided." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "consortium", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "LSIC" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://lsic.jhuapl.edu/", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-luxembourg-space-agency", "name": "Luxembourg Space Agency", "summary": "Luxembourg's national space agency, established by the Ministry of the Economy in 2018. It leads the SpaceResources.lu initiative (launched February 2016), co-founded ESRIC with the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology in 2020, and lists space-resources use among its priorities; Ruy Pinto took office as interim CEO on 14 September 2026 after Marc Serres departed.", "status_basis": "Operating agency; LSA news dated 2026-09-15 reports the leadership change.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en/agency.html", "title": "The Agency", "publisher": "Luxembourg Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Established by the Ministry of Economy in 2018 with the goal of developing the national space sector", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en/agency/mission.html", "title": "Mission", "publisher": "Luxembourg Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "It drives landmark initiatives such as SpaceResources.lu, implements national space strategy", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en/news-events/news/2026/leadership-transition-at-the-luxembourg-space-agency-marc-serres-departs-ruy-pinto-appointed-as-interim-ceo.html", "title": "Leadership Transition at the Luxembourg Space Agency: Marc Serres Departs, Ruy Pinto Appointed as Interim CEO", "publisher": "Luxembourg Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-09-15", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Ruy Pinto officially took office as interim CEO on Monday, September 14, 2026.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "date" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Luxembourg's 2017 space resources law and any authorizations granted under it are recorded on their own pages." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "government_agency", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "LSA" ], "headquarters_country": "LU", "founded_year": 2018, "role": [], "target_bodies": [], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en.html", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-magna-petra", "name": "Magna Petra Corp.", "summary": "U.S. company that states it intends to prospect for, extract and return lunar helium-3; its first concrete step is a planned rover-borne measurement campaign (HALO) using a NASA-developed mass spectrometer delivered by ispace. It has not flown hardware.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Magna Petra", "MP" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "prospecting", "extraction" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "helium_3", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-05-26", "status_basis": "Company site lists dated posts through 2026-05-26 and a January 2026 award; ispace (Oct 2025 release, Nov 2025 results briefing) confirms a signed USD 22 million payload service agreement; NASA confirms an April 2025 CRADA. No shutdown evidence found.", "website": "https://magnapetra.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "No flight hardware, measurements or extraction to date. Documented steps are agreements: an ispace memorandum of understanding (Dec 2024), a reimbursable CRADA with NASA Kennedy for use of a second MSOLO mass spectrometer (signed 2 Apr 2025), and a USD 22 million payload service agreement with ispace-EUROPE to carry MSOLO on an ispace micro-rover (Oct 2025).", "claimed": "Magna Petra states it is building a helium-3 supply chain, with patent-pending 'LunarPro' extraction systems and AI 'digital twin' models of lunar isotope distribution, and plans later sample-return and collection missions." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://magnapetra.com/", "title": "Magna Petra (home page)", "publisher": "Magna Petra Corp.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Magna Petra is the leading lunar resources company engaged in the prospecting, extraction and return to earth of Helium-3 isotopes from the lunar surface.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "resources", "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://d2xlcgjnpyakn4.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Transcript-of-Financial-Results-Briefing-for-Q2-of-Fiscal-Year-Ending-March-2026.pdf", "title": "Transcript of Financial Results Briefing for Q2 of Fiscal Year Ending March 2026", "publisher": "ispace, inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-11-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "We have finalized a new $22 million USD payload service agreement with Magna Petra, a U.S. company aiming to commercialize Helium-3 isotopes on the Moon.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "status", "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/kennedy/nasa-moon-observing-instrument-to-get-another-shot-at-lunar-ops", "title": "NASA Moon Observing Instrument to Get Another Shot at Lunar Ops", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-04-28", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Magna Petra hopes to understand the presence of Helium-3 isotope within the Moon's surface, with the ultimate goal of collecting it and bringing it back to Earth", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://magnapetra.com/blog/", "title": "Magna Petra Blog", "publisher": "Magna Petra Corp.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Magna Petra Corp. selected for \"Lunar Game Changer\" Award by Moon Village Association", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://magnapetra.com/team/", "title": "Team - Magna Petra", "publisher": "Magna Petra Corp.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Samuel Joseph CTO & Co-Founder", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "aliases" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Headquarters city/state and incorporation record not found on company or partner primary pages (ispace describes it only as 'a U.S. company').", "Founding year not found in a primary source (aggregators say 2023; not used).", "No disclosed equity funding round found; how the USD 22 million payload service agreement is financed is not disclosed.", "Patent-pending extraction technology not independently documented." ], "history": [], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-masten-space-systems", "name": "Masten Space Systems, Inc.", "summary": "Mojave, California rocket-lander company (founded 2004) that held a NASA CLPS task order to land resource-prospecting instruments at the lunar south pole and a USD 15,000 NASA regolith-purchase contract; it filed Chapter 11 in July 2022, sold substantially all assets to Astrobotic under a Sept 2022 court order, and was liquidated under a plan effective Nov 2022.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Masten", "Space Case, Inc. (debtor's name after the asset sale)" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2004, "role": [ "lander_transport" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "targeted" }, { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "targeted" } ], "status": "dissolved", "status_as_of": "2022-11-28", "status_basis": "U.S. Bankruptcy Court (D. Del.) case 22-10657 docket: Chapter 11 petition 2022-07-28; order approving sale of substantially all assets signed 2022-09-08; plan of liquidation confirmed 2022-11-09, debtor renamed Space Case, Inc., effective date noticed 2022-11-28; a Masten Liquidating Trust administers the estate. The asset sale to Astrobotic was not a purchase of the corporation, so no parent organization is linked, and the status is dissolved rather than absorbed.", "website": "https://masten.aero", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "No lunar mission flew. Masten performed terrestrial vertical-takeoff/landing test flights (600+ per Astrobotic) and flew payloads such as Honeybee Robotics' PlanetVac on suborbital tests.", "claimed": "Masten Mission One was to deliver NASA instruments including MSolo, NIRVSS and the Neutron Spectrometer System to the south pole, and Masten proposed to collect lunar regolith for NASA for USD 15,000. Astrobotic's release lists 'lunar water mining technology' among the Masten technology portfolio it acquired." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/64480299/space-case-inc/", "title": "Space Case, Inc., 22-10657 (Bankr. D. Del.) - docket", "publisher": "CourtListener (RECAP of PACER)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Chapter 11 Voluntary Petition . Fee Amount $1738. Filed by Masten Space Systems, Inc.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "history" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/64480299/space-case-inc/?page=3", "title": "Space Case, Inc., 22-10657 (Bankr. D. Del.) - docket page 3", "publisher": "CourtListener (RECAP of PACER)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Notice of Entry of Order Confirming, and Occurrence of Effective Date of Modified Combined Disclosure Statement and Chapter 11 Plan of Liquidation of Masten Space Systems, Inc.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/64480299/space-case-inc/?page=3", "title": "Space Case, Inc., 22-10657 (Bankr. D. Del.) - docket page 3", "publisher": "CourtListener (RECAP of PACER)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Notice of Name Change of Debtor Filed by Masten Space Systems, Inc.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "aliases" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/64480299/space-case-inc/?page=3", "title": "Space Case, Inc., 22-10657 (Bankr. D. Del.) - docket page 3", "publisher": "CourtListener (RECAP of PACER)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Peter Hurwitz, solely in his capacity as Liquidating Trustee of the Masten Liquidating Trust", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/07/29/masten-space-systems-one-of-nasas-moon-landing-contractors-files-for-bankruptcy/", "title": "Masten Space Systems, a NASA moon landing contractor, files for bankruptcy", "publisher": "Spaceflight Now", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2022-07-29", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Founded in 2004, Masten won a contract with NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program in April 2020", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.astrobotic.com/astrobotic-acquires-masten-space-systems/", "title": "Astrobotic Acquires Masten Space Systems", "publisher": "Astrobotic Technology", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2022-09-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Astrobotic will also continue to advance Masten's space technology portfolio, which includes innovations in lunar night survival, instant landing pads construction, lunar water mining technology, and lunar infrastructure construction technologies.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-companies-to-collect-lunar-resources-for-artemis-demonstrations/", "title": "NASA Selects Companies to Collect Lunar Resources for Artemis Demonstrations", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2020-12-03", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Masten Space Systems proposed collection for $15,000 following arrival in 2023 of a lander to the lunar South Pole.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Plan confirmation order and sale order texts not retrieved (docket entries only).", "masten.aero did not respond on 2026-09-25; listed as the historical domain." ], "history": [ { "field": "status", "old": "active", "new": "dissolved", "changed_on": "2022-11-28", "reason": "source_update", "source_index": 1 } ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-metalysis", "name": "Metalysis", "summary": "UK metal-powder producer using the FFC Cambridge solid-state electrolysis process; with ESA funding (contract 4000131940, 2020) it produced oxygen and metal from lunar regolith simulant in the laboratory. The original company entered administration in 2019 and was dissolved in 2021; the business operates through Metalysis Ltd (company 11498722), which is active and in 2025-2026 reports mainly terrestrial and aerospace alloy work.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Metalysis Ltd (11498722)", "Metalysis Limited (04304849, dissolved 2021)", "FFC Limited (former name of 04304849)" ], "headquarters_country": "GB", "founded_year": 2001, "role": [ "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "mars" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "oxygen", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-08-17", "status_basis": "Companies House lists Metalysis Ltd (11498722) as Active with accounts to 31 Dec 2025; company releases through 2026-08-17. Space-resource work specifically has no dated activity after the 2020-2021 ESA projects.", "website": "https://www.metalysis.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Laboratory extraction of oxygen and metal from lunar regolith simulant under ESA contract 4000131940 (General Support Technology Programme, awarded 2020); sponsor of the 2020-2021 Metalysis-ESA Grand Challenge for miniaturised versions of its process. No flight hardware.", "claimed": "Metalysis states it has 'a clear 5-year focus on the Moon' and a 5-10 year focus on asteroid metals and Mars. Its 2026 ESA-funded project (about EUR 1 million) is for terrestrial titanium production, not ISRU." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://metalysis.com/media-release/newest/metalysis-awarded-european-space-agency-development-contract-for-its-ffc-process/", "title": "Metalysis Awarded European Space Agency Development Contract for its FFC Process", "publisher": "Metalysis", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2020-11-06", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "has been awarded European Space Agency (ESA) funding, contract number 4000131940, for its project titled, \"The Metalysis FFC Process for Extra-Terrestrial Oxygen Production from ISRU,\"", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "resource_activity.demonstrated" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.metalysis.com/space/", "title": "Space - Metalysis", "publisher": "Metalysis", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Metalysis' successful collaboration with the European Space Agency in 2020/21, in a competitive procurement process, commenced this strategy and has resulted in the extraction of metal and oxygen from replicated lunar rock.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.metalysis.com/space/", "title": "Space - Metalysis", "publisher": "Metalysis", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "a clear 5-year focus on the Moon, 5-10 years focus on asteroid metals and Mars", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "target_bodies", "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11498722", "title": "METALYSIS LTD (11498722) - overview", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Company status Active Company type Private limited Company Incorporated on 3 August 2018", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/04304849", "title": "METALYSIS LIMITED (04304849) - overview", "publisher": "Companies House (UK)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Company status Dissolved Dissolved on 9 September 2021 Company type Private limited Company Incorporated on 15 October 2001", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "history", "founded_year", "aliases" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://metalysis.com/media-release/newest/press-release-metalysis-achieves-commercial-specification-c-103-alloy/", "title": "Press Release: Metalysis achieves commercial specification of C-103 alloy", "publisher": "Metalysis", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-08-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Press Release: Metalysis achieves commercial specification of C-103 alloy", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://metalysis.com/media-release/newest/metalysis-esa-funding-sustainable-titanium-supply-chain/", "title": "Press Release: Metalysis Secures EUR 1M ESA Funding to Scale Sustainable Titanium Production", "publisher": "Metalysis", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-03-10", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "to develop a continuous or quasi-continuous sustainable process for titanium production using the patented Metalysis FFC Process", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "Which legal entity (04304849 in administration from June 2019, or 11498722) held ESA contract 4000131940 is not stated.", "ESA's own pages on the regolith-oxygen work (esa.int) returned HTTP 403 and were not retrieved.", "Contract value of ESA 4000131940 not disclosed." ], "history": [ { "field": "status", "old": "active (Metalysis Limited, 04304849)", "new": "business continued by Metalysis Ltd (11498722) after 04304849 entered administration (2019-06-25) and dissolved (2021-09-09)", "changed_on": "2021-09-09", "reason": "source_update", "source_index": 4 } ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-moon-express", "name": "Moon Express, Inc.", "summary": "U.S. company founded in 2010 to land robotic spacecraft on the Moon and pursue lunar resources. In its August 2016 announcement, Moon Express described its proposed MX-1E mission's U.S. government approval as the first for a private mission beyond Earth orbit; NASA selected it for the CLPS vendor pool in 2018. The reviewed records document no spacecraft launch and no dated company activity after February 2020.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "MoonEx", "Moon Express" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2010, "role": [ "lander_transport", "prospecting" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "dormant", "status_as_of": "2026-09-10", "status_basis": "No launches, contracts or dated announcements found after the company's 9 Feb 2020 statement that it had no upcoming Rocket Lab launch and was focused on CLPS; NASA has awarded it no CLPS task order. Its website is still maintained (script bundle Last-Modified 2026-09-10) and names a COO, so no shutdown is recorded. 'Dormant' is an inference from absence of activity.", "website": "https://www.moonexpress.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Lander test flights on Earth were reported (2011-2015 era); no spacecraft has been launched and no lunar resource has been measured, sampled or processed.", "claimed": "Co-founder Naveen Jain (2016): 'In the immediate future, we envision bringing precious resources, metals, and Moon rocks back to Earth.' The current website describes a planned private sample-return architecture (MX-9) and a roadmap ending in 'commercial resource extraction and processing demonstration', with no dates." }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-government-approves-plan-for-moon-express-to-become-first-private-company-to-venture-beyond-earths-orbit-300308628.html", "title": "US Government Approves Plan For Moon Express To Become First Private Company To Venture Beyond Earth's Orbit", "publisher": "Moon Express, Inc. (via PR Newswire)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2016-08-03", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "In the immediate future, we envision bringing precious resources, metals, and Moon rocks back to Earth.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity.claimed" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/moon-express-signs-historic-launch-agreement-for-private-missions-to-the-moon-300152825.html", "title": "Moon Express signs historic launch agreement for private missions to the Moon", "publisher": "Moon Express, Inc. (via PR Newswire)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2015-10-01", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Moon Express was founded in August 2010 by Dr. Robert (Bob) Richards , Naveen Jain and Dr. Barney Pell", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-for-commercial-lunar-payload-delivery-services/", "title": "NASA Announces New Partnerships for Commercial Lunar Payload Delivery Services", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2018-11-29", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Moon Express: Cape Canaveral, Florida", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Express", "title": "Moon Express (quoting @MoonEx posts of 9 February 2020)", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "source_class": "directory_or_aggregator", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "There is no upcoming launch with RocketLab. We contracted with RocketLab back in 2015 for a GLXP attempt. We are currently focused on efforts supporting NASA under our Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) contract", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_basis" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.moonexpress.com/", "title": "Moon Express - Expanding Earth's Economic Sphere to the Moon (JavaScript-rendered site)", "publisher": "Moon Express, Inc.", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Moon Express is one of nine U.S. companies selected by NASA to deliver payloads to the lunar surface.", "quote_confirmed_raw": false, "supports": [ "status", "website" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "low", "missing_evidence": [ "No 2021-2026 dated primary evidence of operations, staff, funding or contracts; no shutdown or dissolution record found either (state corporate registry not checked).", "The 9 Feb 2020 @MoonEx posts were read only as quoted on Wikipedia; the original posts were not retrieved.", "The website quote is in the site's JavaScript bundle (index-Bppq9F7E.js, Last-Modified 2026-09-10), not in the served HTML, so a text fetch of the URL cannot confirm it.", "Cumulative funding not established from primary sources (aggregators cite about USD 61.8 million; not used)." ], "history": [ { "field": "status", "old": "active", "new": "dormant", "changed_on": "2020-02-09", "reason": "source_update", "source_index": 3 } ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "gpt-6-astra", "reviewer_run": "research/review/astra-moon-express-entity-20260926.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": [ 0 ], "edits_applied": 1, "base_record_sha256": "6be53383dca9539015e39ba95a9a6e6ef3ae1262bdcd2add62ba529483ba935a", "record_sha256": "b24af3c845523dd99a2292a4c3c288227725212be7d32cea9cea7f6b9acce0f0" } }, { "stable_id": "org-nasa", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "summary": "US civil space agency. Its space-resources work includes the MOXIE oxygen-production demonstration on Mars (2021-2023), lunar volatile-prospecting payloads and spacecraft (PRIME-1, Lunar Flashlight, Lunar Trailblazer, the VIPER rover), and the Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative, whose technology areas include in-situ resource utilization (ISRU).", "status_basis": "Operating federal agency; NASA's own pages accessed 2026-09-25.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/overview-in-situ-resource-utilization/", "title": "Overview: In-Situ Resource Utilization", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The eventual goal is to advance ISRU system-level technology readiness to provide human mission commodities such as propellant, fuel cell reactants, and life support consumables.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/about/", "title": "About NASA", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "When NASA opened for business on October 1, 1958", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/lunar-surface-innovation-initiative/", "title": "Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative", "publisher": "NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Lunar Surface Innovation Consortium (LSIC), funded by NASA STMD, brings together government, academia, non-profit institutions, and the private sector", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "parent_relationship" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "No NASA ISRU budget figure was found in the sources reviewed for this record.", "NASA's 2020 lunar regolith purchase awards are not sourced on this organization record." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "government_agency", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "NASA" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 1958, "role": [ "prospecting", "processing_isru", "instrument_drill", "rover_mobility" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "mars", "near_earth_asteroid" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://www.nasa.gov", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": "org-consensys", "aliases": [ "Planetary Resources, Inc.", "Arkyd Astronautics" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "missing_evidence": [ "planetaryresources.com no longer resolves (checked 2026-09-25); company pages are cited from Internet Archive captures.", "Deal value of the ConsenSys acquisition was not disclosed.", "Primary confirmation of the 2020 ConsenSys Space suspension and completion of the announced hardware auction was not retrieved; those developments remain explicitly attributed to press reporting." ], "stable_id": "org-planetary-resources", "name": "Planetary Resources", "summary": "US asteroid-prospecting company founded in 2009 that flew two Earth-orbit technology demonstrators, Arkyd-3R (2015) and Arkyd-6 (2018, with a mid-wave infrared imager intended for future water detection); its announced 2020 asteroid-prospecting mission never launched. Blockchain company ConsenSys acquired it through an asset purchase announced on 31 October 2018, GeekWire reported in May 2020 that ConsenSys Space had suspended operations and that an auction of remaining hardware was scheduled.", "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2009, "role": [ "prospecting" ], "target_bodies": [ "near_earth_asteroid" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "absorbed", "status_as_of": "2018-10-31", "status_basis": "The archived company announcement of 31 October 2018 reports an asset-purchase acquisition by ConsenSys, supporting absorbed status. GeekWire reported in May 2020 that ConsenSys Space had suspended operations and that hardware was scheduled for auction; primary confirmation of those later developments was not retrieved.", "website": null, "confidence": "high", "sources": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201111220047/https://www.planetaryresources.com/2018/10/consensys-acquires-planetary-resources/", "title": "ConsenSys Acquires Planetary Resources (archived)", "publisher": "Planetary Resources (Internet Archive capture)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2018-10-31", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Blockchain venture production studio ConsenSys, Inc. has acquired the pioneering space company Planetary Resources, Inc. through an asset-purchase transaction.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "parent_id" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201110151215/https://www.planetaryresources.com/2015/07/planetary-resources-first-spacecraft-deployed/", "title": "Planetary Resources' First Spacecraft Successfully Deployed, Testing Asteroid Prospecting Technology on Orbit (archived)", "publisher": "Planetary Resources (Internet Archive capture)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2015-07-16", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Planetary Resources, Inc. was founded in 2009 by Eric Anderson and Dr. Peter H. Diamandis.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201110151215/https://www.planetaryresources.com/company/timeline/", "title": "Timeline | Planetary Resources (archived)", "publisher": "Planetary Resources (Internet Archive capture)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "through its goal of identifying, extracting, and refining resources from near-Earth asteroids", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2020/buying-planetary-resources-consensys-gives-away-science-asteroids-will-sell-rest/", "title": "After buying Planetary Resources, ConsenSys sets its space ideas free - but will sell off the hardware", "publisher": "GeekWire", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2020-05-01", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "which has led ConsenSys Space to suspend its operations", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "gpt-6-astra", "reviewer_run": "research/review/astra-hard-area-corrections-20260926.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": [ 0, 3 ], "edits_applied": 4, "base_record_sha256": "ae0d73615376c08a590be919e69e1028ccb57377dcdb0cb2605ab170b4121361" } }, { "stable_id": "org-rocket-lab", "name": "Rocket Lab", "summary": "Launch company that signed a 2015 launch contract with Moon Express.", "entity_type": "company", "context_only": true, "parent_id": null, "aliases": [], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [], "target_bodies": [], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-26", "status_basis": "Context entity: referenced as a parent, acquirer, counterparty or launch provider; its own status is not researched.", "website": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/moon-express-signs-historic-launch-agreement-for-private-missions-to-the-moon-300152825.html", "title": "Moon Express signs historic launch agreement for private missions to the Moon", "publisher": "Moon Express, Inc. (via PR Newswire)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2015-10-01", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The company today announced it signed a contract with Rocket Lab on Sept. 30 to launch", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Own status not researched; included only for reference resolution." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": false, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-sierra-space", "name": "Sierra Space", "summary": "U.S. space company that built the carbothermal oxygen production reactor used in NASA's Carbothermal Reduction Demonstration (CaRD) ground tests on lunar regolith simulant.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Sierra Space Corporation" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "oxygen", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-02-13", "website": "https://www.sierraspace.com", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Ground tests only, on simulant: Sierra Space states its Carbothermal Oxygen Production Reactor completed thermal vacuum testing at NASA Johnson Space Center (announced 2024-09-17); NASA reported in February 2026 that the integrated CaRD prototype, including the Sierra Space reactor, extracted oxygen from simulated lunar soil using concentrated sunlight.", "claimed": "Sierra Space states the hardware reached TRL-6 and is mature enough to be incorporated into a lunar flight mission as a technology demonstrator; no flight is manifested in the sources found." }, "status_basis": "NASA's 2026-02-13 CaRD article names Sierra Space as the reactor developer; this record does not cover Sierra Space's broader corporate status beyond that.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/sunlight-extracts-oxygen-from-regolith-using-solar-chemistry/", "title": "Sunlight Extracts Oxygen From Regolith Using Solar Chemistry", "publisher": "NASA Johnson Space Center", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-02-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The integrated prototype brought together a carbothermal oxygen production reactor developed by Sierra Space, a solar concentrator designed by NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of", "role", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/sunlight-extracts-oxygen-from-regolith-using-solar-chemistry/", "title": "Sunlight Extracts Oxygen From Regolith Using Solar Chemistry", "publisher": "NASA Johnson Space Center", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2026-02-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The CaRD team performed integrated prototype testing that used concentrated solar energy to extract oxygen from simulated lunar soil, while confirming the production of carbon monoxide through a solar-driven chemical reaction.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.sierraspace.com/press-releases/sierra-space-unveils-breakthrough-technology-designed-to-extract-oxygen-from-lunar-soil/", "title": "Sierra Space Unveils Breakthrough Technology Designed to Extract Oxygen from Lunar Soil, Enabling Sustainable Human Presence on the Moon", "publisher": "Sierra Space", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2024-09-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "the company's proprietary Carbothermal Oxygen Production Reactor has successfully completed thermal vacuum testing at NASA's Johnson Space Center", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.sierraspace.com/press-releases/sierra-space-unveils-breakthrough-technology-designed-to-extract-oxygen-from-lunar-soil/", "title": "Sierra Space Unveils Breakthrough Technology Designed to Extract Oxygen from Lunar Soil, Enabling Sustainable Human Presence on the Moon", "publisher": "Sierra Space", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2024-09-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "These efforts confirmed that the hardware has advanced to Technology Readiness Level Six, or TRL-6, meaning it has the maturation to be incorporated into a flight mission to the moon as a technology demonstrator.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.sierraspace.com/press-releases/sierra-space-unveils-breakthrough-technology-designed-to-extract-oxygen-from-lunar-soil/", "title": "Sierra Space Unveils Breakthrough Technology Designed to Extract Oxygen from Lunar Soil, Enabling Sustainable Human Presence on the Moon", "publisher": "Sierra Space", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2024-09-17", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "LOUISVILLE, Colo. - September 17, 2024 - Sierra Space", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Founding year and corporate history (spin-out from Sierra Nevada Corporation) not confirmed from a primary source.", "Whether any lunar flight demonstration of the reactor is funded or manifested." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-spaceresources-lu", "name": "SpaceResources.lu initiative", "summary": "Luxembourg government initiative launched in February 2016 and now led by the Luxembourg Space Agency, aimed at creating a legal, regulatory and business environment for private exploration and use of space resources; ESRIC was created under it.", "status_basis": "LSA industry portal page (accessed 2026-09-25) describes the initiative as led today by the LSA.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en/support/industry-portal/spaceresourceslu/spaceresourceslu-initiative.html", "title": "Spaceresources.lu initiative", "publisher": "Luxembourg Space Agency", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Launched in February 2016 and led today by the LSA, the SpaceResources.lu Initiative positions Luxembourg as a pioneer in the exploration and utilisation of space resources.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year", "parent_id", "summary", "date" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2020/11-novembre/18-luxembourg-spaceresources.html", "title": "Luxembourg teams up with ESA to create a unique \"European Space Resources Innovation Centre\" to be established in the Grand Duchy", "publisher": "The Luxembourg Government", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2020-11-18", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The creation of ESRIC was part of the Luxembourg government initiative SpaceResources.lu launched in 2016", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "high", "missing_evidence": [ "No public budget total for the initiative sourced." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "government_program", "parent_id": "org-luxembourg-space-agency", "aliases": [ "SpaceResources.lu", "Spaceresources.lu Initiative" ], "headquarters_country": "LU", "founded_year": 2016, "role": [], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "near_earth_asteroid" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://space-agency.public.lu/en/support/industry-portal/spaceresourceslu.html", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Space Exploration Technologies Corp." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "missing_evidence": [ "SEC S-1 text could not be fetched (HTTP 403); the EU prospectus PDF was used instead.", "Founding year not taken from a primary source." ], "stable_id": "org-spacex", "name": "SpaceX", "summary": "US launch and spacecraft company whose June 2026 EU securities prospectus lists asteroid mining among planned future activities; it has announced no asteroid-resource mission. It is included because of that filed statement and because its Falcon 9 launched several resource-related spacecraft in this dataset (Brokkr-1, Odin, Arkyd-3R).", "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [], "target_bodies": [ "near_earth_asteroid", "main_belt_asteroid" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-06-05", "status_basis": "BaFin-approved EU prospectus dated 5 June 2026.", "website": "https://www.spacex.com/", "confidence": "high", "sources": [ { "url": "https://content.spacex.com/cms-assets/FINAL_Documents%20and%20Updates/SpaceX%20-%20EU%20Prospectus%20(Approved%20by%20Bafin)%20-%20June%205,%202026.pdf", "title": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp. - EU Prospectus (approved by BaFin), June 5, 2026", "publisher": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp.", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": "2026-06-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "We plan to pursue asteroid mining operations to extract metals and other critical resources from near-Earth and main-belt asteroids, providing abundant raw materials for space-based industries and reducing the need to launch mass from Earth.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "resources", "target_bodies" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none", "quote_locator": { "page": 100, "article": "section 4.3.8, future markets" } }, { "url": "https://payloadspace.com/astroforge-completes-its-deepspace-2-spacecraft/", "title": "AstroForge Completes its DeepSpace-2 Spacecraft", "publisher": "Payload", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2026-06-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "In its IPO prospectus, SpaceX highlighted asteroid mining as a future revenue stream", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 2 } }, { "stable_id": "org-starpath-robotics", "name": "Starpath Robotics", "summary": "Hawthorne, California startup that states it will mine water ice at the lunar South Pole with rovers and process it into propellant. NASA reports it placed second in the Break the Ice Lunar Challenge (2024) and tested its excavation rover in a NASA Marshall thermal vacuum chamber (2025); it also sells space solar panels.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Starpath Robotics Inc.", "Starpath", "Starpath Space" ], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2022, "role": [ "prospecting", "extraction", "processing_isru", "rover_mobility" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon", "mars" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "water_ice", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "oxygen", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "regolith", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-06-30", "website": "https://www.starpath.space", "resource_activity": { "demonstrated": "Earth-based tests only. NASA reports that its regolith excavation-and-haul rover placed second overall at the Break the Ice Lunar Challenge finale (June 2024; $838,461 in Phase 2 prizes) and was tested in NASA Marshall's V-20 thermal vacuum chamber (August 2025). Starpath states it produced 48 grams of gaseous oxygen from icy regolith simulant in November 2025.", "claimed": "Starpath states it will send 'Shadow Voyager' rovers into permanently shadowed regions at the lunar South Pole and build a 'Starmine' plant for water extraction, electrolysis and oxygen liquefaction to refuel landers; no lunar mission, lander or date has been published." }, "status_basis": "Active: NASA's Space Tech Industry Partnerships page (last updated 2026-06-30) lists Starpath Robotics Inc. among 2025-2026 ACO awards (HELION); NASA article of 2025-09-26 describes 2025 testing.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/prizes-challenges-crowdsourcing-program/centennial-challenges/lunar-challenge-winner-tests-technology-in-nasa-thermal-vacuum-chamber/", "title": "Lunar Challenge Winner Tests Technology in NASA Thermal Vacuum Chamber", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-09-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "One year after winning second place in NASA's Break the Ice Lunar Challenge, members of the small business Starpath visited NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, as part of their prize opportunity to test their upgraded lunar regolith excavation and transportation rover in the center's 20-foot thermal vacuum chamber.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/prizes-challenges-crowdsourcing-program/centennial-challenges/lunar-challenge-winner-tests-technology-in-nasa-thermal-vacuum-chamber/", "title": "Lunar Challenge Winner Tests Technology in NASA Thermal Vacuum Chamber", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2025-09-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The technology startup headquartered in Hawthorne, California, won second place overall at the Break the Ice Lunar Challenge's live demonstration and finale in June 2024.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country", "resource_activity" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.starpath.space/assets/index-ni8Da6qh.js", "title": "Starpath Robotics website content (site JavaScript bundle served at starpath.space)", "publisher": "Starpath Robotics", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Starpath's mission is to develop in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) capabilities to enable human exploration and colonization of the Moon and Mars.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role", "target_bodies" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.starpath.space/assets/index-ni8Da6qh.js", "title": "Starpath Robotics website content (site JavaScript bundle served at starpath.space)", "publisher": "Starpath Robotics", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Starpath's Rover will navigate semi-autonomously to permanently shadowed regions of the Lunar South Pole that have been previously identified to be likely to contain water ice and other relevant volatiles.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.starpath.space/assets/index-ni8Da6qh.js", "title": "Starpath Robotics website content (site JavaScript bundle served at starpath.space)", "publisher": "Starpath Robotics", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Starmine Plant will perform water extraction, purification, electrolysis, and liquefaction of the resultant gaseous oxygen in addition to contaminant management and disposal of desiccated regolith. In November 2025, Starpath produced 48 grams of gaseous oxygen from icy regolith simulant.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resource_activity", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2031587/000203158724000001/xslFormDX01/primary_doc.xml", "title": "SEC Form D (Starpath Robotics Inc., filed 2024-08-26)", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)", "source_class": "court_or_filing", "published": "2024-08-26", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Within Last Five Years (Specify Year) 2022", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/space-tech-industry-partnerships/", "title": "Space Tech Industry Partnerships (2025-2026 Announcement of Collaboration Opportunity awards; page last updated 2026-06-30)", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": null, "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "HELION: High-speed Exploration using LIDAR for Intelligent Onboard Navigation", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "status_as_of" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "No lunar mission, lander, or launch date announced", "Company website text exists only in a JavaScript bundle and the site carries a noindex 'pre-launch preview' tag; the 48 g oxygen result is a company claim with no independent report", "Form D (2024) lists a Burlingame, California address; NASA (2025) says Hawthorne. Current legal address not reconciled", "2026 investment suggested by SPV Form D filings (Day One Ventures SPV Starpath; Gaingels Starpath LLC) not confirmed by a Starpath filing or announcement" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "Trans Astronautica Corporation" ], "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "review_state": "verified", "history": [], "missing_evidence": [ "No primary source discloses TransAstra's cumulative private equity funding.", "transastra.com is a JavaScript-only application; its page text cannot be fetched for quote checking, so company claims rely on wire-service copies of its releases.", "NASA-side record of the 2025 CCRPP award not retrieved." ], "stable_id": "org-transastra", "name": "TransAstra", "summary": "Los Angeles-area company (headquarters stated as Pacoima, California) developing asteroid-capture bags, solar-thermal propulsion, and 'optical mining' concepts; NASA selected its Mini Bee optical-mining flight-demonstration concept for a NIAC Phase III study in 2019. Its only flown resource-related hardware is a 1-meter inflatable Capture Bag evaluated inside an ISS airlock in 2025, and no asteroid mission has been flown or manifested; a 2026 feasibility study of relocating a roughly 100-ton asteroid is company-announced only.", "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": 2015, "role": [ "prospecting", "extraction", "processing_isru" ], "target_bodies": [ "near_earth_asteroid" ], "resources": [ { "resource": "volatiles", "evidence_level": "claimed" }, { "resource": "metals_general", "evidence_level": "claimed" } ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-05-14", "status_basis": "Company press release dated 14 May 2026 announcing a two-year CRADA with the US Air Force Academy.", "website": "https://www.transastra.com/", "confidence": "high", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-invests-in-tech-concepts-aimed-at-exploring-lunar-craters-mining-asteroids/", "title": "NASA Invests in Tech Concepts Aimed at Exploring Lunar Craters, Mining Asteroids", "publisher": "NASA", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2019-06-11", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Optical mining is an approach for excavating an asteroid and extracting water and other volatiles into an inflatable bag.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.newswire.com/news/transastra-and-u-s-air-force-academy-sign-agreement-to-advance-asteroid-mining", "title": "TransAstra and U.S. Air Force Academy Sign Agreement to Advance Asteroid Mining for Dynamic Space Operations", "publisher": "Trans Astronautica Corporation (via Newswire)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-05-14", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The two-year agreement establishes a joint research program to advance technologies for finding, capturing, and processing asteroids", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "status", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.newswire.com/news/transastra-and-u-s-air-force-academy-sign-agreement-to-advance-asteroid-mining", "title": "TransAstra and U.S. Air Force Academy Sign Agreement to Advance Asteroid Mining for Dynamic Space Operations", "publisher": "Trans Astronautica Corporation (via Newswire)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-05-14", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "TransAstra is headquartered in Pacoima, California.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "headquarters_country" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.newswire.com/news/transastra-secures-5m-to-scale-asteroid-capture-technology-with-nasa-22644719", "title": "TransAstra Secures $5M to Scale Asteroid Capture Technology With NASA and Private Investment", "publisher": "Trans Astronautica Corporation (via Newswire)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-09-23", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Founded in 2015, the company has secured multiple NASA and Space Force contracts to advance sustainable space operations.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "founded_year" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.newswire.com/news/transastra-demonstrates-asteroid-capture-and-orbital-debris-cleanup-22651131", "title": "TransAstra Demonstrates Asteroid Capture and Orbital Debris Cleanup Technology", "publisher": "Trans Astronautica Corporation (via Newswire)", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-10-02", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Asteroids will also provide the metals, shielding, and semiconductors necessary to build structures and spacecraft", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "resources" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://spacenews.com/transastra-aims-to-move-100-ton-asteroid-to-stable-orbit-for-processing/", "title": "TransAstra aims to move 100-ton asteroid to stable orbit for processing", "publisher": "SpaceNews", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2026-03-18", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "TransAstra is performing a study, funded by investors and customers, to explore the technical feasibility of moving a 100-metric-ton asteroid to a stable near-Earth orbit.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-us-department-of-energy", "name": "U.S. Department of Energy", "summary": "U.S. federal department whose Isotope Program is the counterparty in Interlune's announced helium-3 purchase agreement and which made a 2024 award to Interlune.", "entity_type": "government_agency", "context_only": true, "parent_id": null, "aliases": [], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [], "target_bodies": [], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-26", "status_basis": "Context entity: referenced as a parent, acquirer, counterparty or launch provider; its own status is not researched.", "website": "https://www.energy.gov", "sources": [ { "url": "https://api.usaspending.gov/api/v2/awards/ASST_NON_DESC0024933_089/", "title": "USAspending.gov award record DESC0024933 (API)", "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Treasury, USAspending.gov", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2024-07-24", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "HELIUM-3 SEPARATION FROM US LIQUID NATURAL GAS-DERIVED HELIUM-4", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Own status not researched; included only for reference resolution." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": false, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-uae-space-agency", "name": "UAE Space Agency", "summary": "Federal space agency of the United Arab Emirates. A 2023 law-firm summary of Cabinet Decisions issued under the 2019 space-sector law (since repealed and replaced by Federal Decree-Law No. 46 of 2023) says space activities must be authorised by the agency and that Cabinet Decision No. 19/2023 (Space Resource Regulation) allows exploration, exploitation and use of space resources; the agency leads the Emirates Mission to the Asteroid Belt, whose stated aims include assessing the resource potential of asteroids.", "status_basis": "Operating agency; mission news from April 2026 (The National) and the 2023 regulations.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.wfw.com/articles/key-features-of-the-new-united-arab-emirates-regulations-on-space-activities/", "title": "Key features of the new United Arab Emirates regulations on space activities", "publisher": "Watson Farley & Williams", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2023-08-10", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "must be authorised by the UAE Space Agency", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.wfw.com/articles/key-features-of-the-new-united-arab-emirates-regulations-on-space-activities/", "title": "Key features of the new United Arab Emirates regulations on space activities", "publisher": "Watson Farley & Williams", "source_class": "reputable_press", "published": "2023-08-10", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "allows for the exploration, exploitation and use of space resources as part of a Space Resource Activity", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://mediaoffice.ae/en/news/2023/may/29-05/mohammed-bin-rashid", "title": "Mohammed bin Rashid: The Emirates Mission to the Asteroid Belt is a significant scientific mission", "publisher": "Government of Dubai Media Office", "source_class": "government_primary", "published": "2023-05-29", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "the UAE Space Agency today announced the details and objectives of the EMA", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250415081420/https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/2129", "title": "Federal Decree by Law No. (46) of 2023 Concerning the Regulation of the Space Sector (UAE Legislation portal, archived copy of 15 April 2025)", "publisher": "UAE Legislation portal (via Internet Archive)", "source_class": "legislation", "published": "2023-09-29", "accessed": "2026-09-26", "quote": "The aforementioned Federal Law No. (12) of 2019 concerning the Space Sector shall be repealed", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "unofficial", "quote_locator": { "article": "Article 39(1)", "page": null } } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "space.gov.ae and uaelegislation.gov.ae returned bot walls; regulatory role is sourced to a law-firm summary (Watson Farley & Williams, 2023), not the regulation text. Whether the 2023 Cabinet Decisions remain in force under Federal Decree-Law No. 46 of 2023 was not confirmed.", "Founding year not confirmed from an official page in this pass." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "history": [ { "field": "summary", "old": "2019 space-sector law described without its 2023 repeal", "new": "notes the 2023 Decree-Law that replaced it", "changed_on": "2026-09-26", "reason": "correction", "source_index": 3 } ], "review_state": "verified", "entity_type": "government_agency", "parent_id": null, "aliases": [ "UAESA" ], "headquarters_country": "AE", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "prospecting" ], "target_bodies": [ "main_belt_asteroid" ], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-25", "website": "https://space.gov.ae", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-fable-5-1", "reviewer_run": "research/review/fable-uae-repeal-correction-20260926.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ], "edits_applied": 3, "base_record_sha256": "93fce426d0c3ab042305ab3d27ce0926890c57b96adaac2eff35e57fb8d4ae7b", "record_sha256": "6c1c8c4bbe46d9a70ac294b8de3baa5ee4e1398588203e68cae3b18fc41db74a" } }, { "stable_id": "org-astrolab", "name": "Venturi Astrolab", "aliases": [ "Astrolab" ], "summary": "Hawthorne, California lunar rover company. Its FLIP rover is to carry Interlune's helium-3 camera on Astrobotic's Griffin-1 lander, and it is working with Interlune to fit excavation hardware to its FLEX rover.", "entity_type": "company", "parent_id": null, "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [ "rover_mobility" ], "target_bodies": [ "moon" ], "resources": [], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-26", "status_basis": "Interlune's March 2026 release announcing joint excavation work.", "website": "https://astrolab.space", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/interlune-and-astrolab-collaborate-on-technology-for-harvesting-resources-and-building-infrastructure-on-the-moon", "title": "Interlune and Astrolab Collaborate on Technology for Harvesting Resources and Building Infrastructure on the Moon", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-03-03", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "today announced they are working together to integrate Interlune excavation technology onto the Astrolab Flexible Logistics and Exploration Vehicle (FLEX), and are planning hardware testing in Houston", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary", "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" }, { "url": "https://www.interlune.space/press-release/interlune-to-fly-multispectral-camera-on-astrolab-flip-rover-to-measure-helium-3-on-the-moon", "title": "Interlune to Fly Multispectral Camera on Astrolab FLIP Rover to Measure Helium-3 on the Moon", "publisher": "Interlune", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2025-08-05", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "The Interlune payload is a multispectral camera built, tested, and developed in partnership with NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley, whose images will be used to estimate helium-3 quantities and concentration in Moon dirt, or regolith.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "role" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "No Astrolab-published primary source reviewed yet." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } }, { "stable_id": "org-voyager-technologies", "name": "Voyager Technologies", "summary": "Space and defense technology company that completed its acquisition of Astrobotic in July 2026.", "entity_type": "company", "context_only": true, "parent_id": null, "aliases": [], "headquarters_country": "US", "founded_year": null, "role": [], "target_bodies": [], "status": "active", "status_as_of": "2026-09-26", "status_basis": "Context entity: referenced as a parent, acquirer, counterparty or launch provider; its own status is not researched.", "website": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://voyagertechnologies.com/press-releases/voyager-awarded-298m-nasa-contract-under-completed-astrobotic-acquisition/", "title": "Voyager Awarded $298M NASA Contract Under Completed Astrobotic Acquisition", "publisher": "Voyager Technologies", "source_class": "company_primary", "published": "2026-07-13", "accessed": "2026-09-25", "quote": "Voyager Technologies (NYSE: VOYG) has completed its acquisition of Astrobotic Technology, Inc.", "quote_confirmed_raw": true, "supports": [ "summary" ], "language": "en", "translation": "none" } ], "confidence": "medium", "missing_evidence": [ "Own status not researched; included only for reference resolution." ], "last_checked": "2026-09-26", "history": [], "review_state": "verified", "review": { "author_model": "claude-opus-5-5", "reviewer_model": "claude-sonnet-5", "reviewer_run": "research/review/entities.json", "date": "2026-09-26", "sources_reopened": true, "edits_applied": 0 } } ] }